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Psych Paper 1 > Observation > Flashcards

Observation Flashcards

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1
Q

Aim

A

concept wanting to investigate - specific

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2
Q

Research question

A

must have a ?

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3
Q

What are the 5 parts of an observation

A

who
what
where
when
how

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4
Q

unstructured observation

A

non focused
qualitative data
range of behaviours

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5
Q

structured observation

A

behavioural categories
quantitative data
coding frame

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6
Q

what is a coding frame

A

a tally

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7
Q

what is within a coding frame

A

behavioural categories

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8
Q

advantages of structured observation

A

quantitative - helps objectivity and analysis
easy and less effort

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9
Q

disadvantages of structured observation

A

coding frame may not include all behaviours (lack validity)
lacks detail

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10
Q

example of structured observation

A

bandura

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11
Q

advantages of unstructured observation

A

can record unexpected behaviours
more detail

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12
Q

disadvantages of unstructured observation

A

more effort
subjective

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13
Q

example of unstructured observation

A

zimbardo - stanford prison

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14
Q

naturalistic

A

natural environment

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15
Q

controlled

A

lab setting

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16
Q

advantages of naturalistic

A

high ecological validity
low demand characteristics

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17
Q

disadvantage of naturalistic

A

environmental EVs
hard to see and record all data

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18
Q

example of naturalistic

A

piliavin

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19
Q

advantages of controlled

A

easy to see and record data
less evs

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20
Q

disadvantages of controlled

A

low ecological validity
demand characteristics

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21
Q

examples of controlled

A

bandura
milgram

22
Q

participant observation

A

researcher involved

23
Q

non participant observation

A

researcher not involved and seperate

24
Q

+ of participant observation

A

view unlikely to be obstructed
may get insider info

25
Q
  • of participant observation
A

time consuming
dangerous
lose objectivity (observer bias)
deception

26
Q

example of participant observation

A

piliavin

27
Q

+ of non participant observation

A

less risk of observer bias
less effort
less risk of observer safety

28
Q
  • of non participant observation
A

less control
less insider info
obstructed view

29
Q

example of non participant observation

A

bandura
milgram

30
Q

covert vs overt

A

covert - p unaware
overt - p know what’s going on

31
Q

+ of covert

A

should see natural behaviour

32
Q
  • of covert
A

ethics
hard to record

33
Q

examples of covert

A

piliavin
bandura

34
Q

+ of overt

A

obeys ethical guidelines
easy to take notes

35
Q
  • of overt
A

behaviour may not be natura

36
Q

example of overt

A

milgram
zimbardo

37
Q

event vs time sampling

A

event - record when behaviours occur
time - record after set time intervals

38
Q

types of time sampling

A

one zero
instantaneous scan
predominant activity

39
Q

what is one zero sampling

A

at end of each time interval a record made of behaviour occurs (yes or no)

40
Q

instantaneous scan sampling

A

at end of each time interval a record is made of any behaviours occurring

41
Q

predominant activity sampling

A

continuous observation and estimate of what activity occurred most

42
Q

+ of event

A

don’t miss anything
takes into account all behaviours
good for recording infrequent behaviours

43
Q
  • of event
A

can lose focus and miss things
time consuming

44
Q

+ time sampling

A

can see change in behaviour over time
increases concentration
allows time to record data

45
Q
  • of time
A

data may not be representative
can miss data

46
Q

when are pie charts used

A

event sampking

47
Q

when are line graphs used

A

time sampling

48
Q

inter eater reliability

A

ensure all observers are recording what they see in same way

49
Q

how to increase reliability

A

operationalise coding frame
train observers
run pilot study
check results
large sample

50
Q

researcher bias

A

more likely to record what they expect to see

51
Q

researcher effect

A

p may change behaviour

52
Q

ways to improve validity

A

covert
naturalistic
independent researcher

Psych Paper 1 (5 decks)

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