self fulfilling prophecy and labelling Flashcards
what is a prophecy
a prediction
what is the labelling theory
labels can affect an individuals self concept
labels can affect the way others treat you
society may label people according to the way others treat you
what is self fulfilling prophecy
the process by which one persons expectations about another become reality by eliciting behaviours that confirm this expectations
what is the pygmalion effect
what you do - what other people believe about you - how others act towards you - what you believe about yourself
what do negative beliefs do
cause negative behaviour
What was rosenthal and Jacobson study
1968 Teachers were allowed to overhear a conversation at the beginning of the year identifying 20 children in the class as late developers and would bloom Teachers believed that was based on. An IQ test. More time was spent on these children. At the end of the year the 20 children's IQ had risen and continued to for 2 years
Not criminal but still applicable
What was Jahoda’s study
Longitudinal study. Long term
Ashanti tribes named children after the day of the week they are born
Boy named KWADWO born on Monday (said to be mild mannered)
Boy named KWADKU born on Wednesday (said to be aggressive)
Males born on Wednesday had a higher arrest rate (22%) than males born on a Monday (6%)
Criticisms of Jahoda
Correlations study so no cause and effect
Environmental factors can have a huge effect
What was Ageton and Elliot study about
Treatment of youth offenders by police would lead to further deviance
Boys who avoided apprehension had higher self esteem and less delinquent views of themselves
Boys who were exposed to negative responses of others so would have led to boy exhibiting behaviour in line with criminal behaviour
Difference in self esteem may be accounted for by avoiding arrest which enhances self esteem
What was ageton and Elliot’s study show
Negative behaviour with the criminal justice system can lead to lowered self esteem and further criminal behaviour
What was the Zebrowitz study about
Baby faced adolescent boys stereotyped ‘ nice but weak’
Analysed their behaviour and in fact they were more likely to commit the crimes which goes against SFP
Must be other factors involved in the development of criminal behaviour
What was the Levy and Hartocollis study about
Compared incidence of anti social behaviour in two psychiatric units
One staffed by women one stuff by mix gender
The unit with women had no cases of crime the mixed gender had 13 cases of crime
Expectation of violence and consequent use of male nurses may have led to violent incidents as patients behaviour fulfilled expectations because staff on the units behaved differently towards them
Flawed as policies may be based on actual differences
