Self Directed Study Flashcards
What are the four stages of nocioception?
Transduction, transmission, perception and modulation
Perception, explain process etc.
Triggered by noxious stimuli
Intensity not related to tissue damage.
Nerve damage doesn’t respond to analgesic
What is suffering used for?
As a language to describe pain, not all suffering is pain
What are pain behaviours?
Result from pain and suffering, they are observable and quantified. Influenced by the environment
What is transient pain?
Pain that happens in every day life. Not a reason to seek medical treatment and not associated with tissue damage,
What is acute pain?
Substantial injury of body tissue, pain stops before healing is complete. Malignant pain can be continuous acute. Changes of nociceptors occur in acute stages.
What is chronic pain
Takes months/years to heal, unrelenting, intensity is out of proportion to original injury, exceeds body’s ability to heal
Who is the best girl in the whole world, starts with A and ends with B?
Anna Josefa Maria Scheib! 😀😀😀😍😍😍😘😘😘💝💝💝📞📞📞☎️🎉🎎🚨⬆️⬆️⬆️⬆️⬆️⬆️⬆️⬆️⬆️⬆️⬆️⬆️
What is nocioception?
Encoding and processing of noxious stimuli. Specialised transducers attached to a delta and c fibres which may be biased by inflammatory and neural changes
What is the most plasuible link for transition of acute to chronic pain?
Modification
What does prolonged firing of c fibres do?
Causes release of glutamate (major excitatory neurotransmitter within the cns )
What is wind up?
An increased in intensity and duration of response by a giving the nmda receptors. Normally nmda is blocked, continuous stimulation removes this.
Why is nmda receptor available after on going tissue injury? And what does this open receptor play a role in?
Through release of inflammatory chemicals from c fibres. Inflammatory and neuropathic pain States. Results in secondary hyperalgesia also
What is required for descending hibatory pathways? And wher?
Nmda receptors in the substantia gelantosa.
Why don’t anti inflammatorys work very well for neuropathic pain?
Injuries and diseases of the nervous system that result in neuropathic pain promote inflammatory mediators within the spinal cord. Blocking peripheral inflammation alone would not work
Explain the process of peripheral sensitization.
Tissue damage releases inflammatory cells and also causes neurogenic inflammatory response. Inflammatory cells release chemical mediators. An inflammatory chemical soup is created that sensizitize high threshold nociceptors.
What changes occur with peripheral sensitization?
Increased responsiveness to thermal stimuli at site of injury (primary hyperalgesia).
Awakening of the silent nociceptors by chemical sensitization, randomly discharging.
Changes in receptive field.
Primary afferent nociceptors terminate in different laminae levels on several classes of Neurons. What classes are they and why do they do this?
Projection Neurons that transmit information to supraspinal structures. One type is the wide dynamic range (noxious and non noxious). Third class is inter neutrons involved in excitatory and inhibitory Neurons.
