Self Confidence

Question 1

self confidence definition

Answer 1

the belief that you can successfully perform a desired behaviour

Question 2

Vealey 1986 and 2001

Answer 2

1986 viewed self confidence as both a trait like disposition and a state

2001 now viewed as a social cognitive construct that can be more trait like or state like

Question 3

what is a self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 3

when you expect something to go wrong and then that belief causes the thing to actually happen

Question 4

problem with negative self fulfilling prophecies

Answer 4

lead to a vicious cycle

expectation of failure leads to actual failure which lowers self image and then increases expectations of future failure

Question 5

example of someone overcoming negative self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 5

roger banister first person to break 4 min mile

after he did, lots of others did it as the negative self fulfilling prophecy was gone

Question 6

Vealey and Knight 2002

Answer 6

self confidence is a multidimensional construct

Question 7

Vealey and Knight types of self confidence

Answer 7

1) confidence about ones ability to execute physical skills
2) confidence about ones ability to execute psychological skills
3) confidence about ones ability to use perceptual skills
4) confidence in ones level of physical fitness and training status
5) confidence in ones learning potential or ability to improve ones skill

Question 8

benefits of self confidence

Answer 8

arouses positive emotions 
facilitates concentration 
affects goals 
increases effort 
focus game strategies 
impacts momentum

Question 9

define self efficacy

Answer 9

the perception of ones ability to perform a task successfully

situation specific form of self confidence

Question 10

who came up with self efficacy theory

Answer 10

Bandura 1977

Question 11

what things can self efficacy effect

Answer 11

performance
level of effort and persistence
can generalise between similar tasks
related to goal setting

Question 12

Bandura 6 sources of self efficacy

Answer 12

Performance accomplishments
vicarious experiences 
verbal persuasion 
imaginal experiences 
physiological states
emotional states

Question 13

explain performance accomplishments

Answer 13

based on ones own experience of success

successful experiences raise self efficacy

Question 14

explain vicarious experiences

Answer 14

using the experiences of others for self efficacy

good for those with lack of experiences

seeing someone else do something difficult can reduce your own anxiety

Question 15

explain verbal persuasion

Answer 15

using verbal persuasion to encourage

can take the form of self persuasion

Question 16

explain imaginal experiences

Answer 16

imagining yourself in successful situations can raise self efficacy

ê.g visualising yourself performing a skill successfully

Question 17

explain physiological states as a source of self efficacy

Answer 17

influences self efficacy when individuals associate aversive physiological arousal with poor performance, and perceived failure

on the other hand, when physiological arousal is seen as positive, self efficacy is enhanced

Question 18

explain emotional states as a source of self efficacy

Answer 18

emotions or moods can give info about self efficacy

ê.g. research has revealed that an injured athlete who is feeling depressed and anxious about his rehab and is fatigued and in pain reports lower feelings of self efficacy

Question 19

research evidence on how self efficacy improves

Answer 19

some meta analyses and studies indicate that higher levels of self efficacy are associated with superior performance

perception of ones ability to perform a task successfully clearly has a consistent effect on actual performance