Perfectionism(2) Flashcards
which is considered more healthy
PS or PC
PS : indicates subjective well-being and good psychological adjustment
PC: indicates psychological maladjustment and mental disorder
What did Flee and Hewitt 2005 suggest
perfectionism paradox exists
proposed it is a primarily negative factor
athletes who be pre occupied with perfection may be vulnerable to motivation, wellbeing, and performance difficulties
problems reported by highly talented athletes
injury, difficulty managing emotions, substance abuse, eating disorders, self harm
name a model of perfectionism by parker 1997
Tripartite model
describe tripartite model
differentiates three type of perfectionist
healthy (high PS and low PC)
unhealthy (high PS and high PC)
Non perfectionists (low PC and low PS)
support for tripartite model outside of sports
Rice and Slaney 2002 found support in student populations for three groups of perfectionists
Hill et al 2018
Describe hill et al 2018
reviewed 9 studies and found that 5 could be considered to support tripartite model
but 2 of the 9 studies found a four group structure
Final 2 studies found three groups that didn’t correspond with tripartite model
conclude tripartite model only has mixed support
name a perfectionism model that isn’t the tripartite model
2x2 model
describe the 2x2 model
four subtypes of perfectionism
PS and PS varying levels creates four subgroups
non perfectionism (low ps and pc)
pure personal standards perfectionism (high ps low pc)
pure evaluative concerns perfectionism (low ps high pc)
mixed perfectionism (high ps high pc)
Stoeber and Otto 2006 findings for PC
reviewed 15 studies that reported correlations between ps and pc
PC showed only postive correlations with unhealthy characteristics and negative correlations with healthy ones
conclude pc is solely maladaptive
Stoeber and Otto findings for PS
In only 4 of 15 studies did PS show same pattern of correlations as PC
in 6 studies, PS showed only positive correlations with healthy characteristics and only negative correlations with unhealthy characteristics
concluded that PS is healthy
Stoeber and Otto 2006 added detail
also investigated overlap between ps and pc
in controlling for PC, 10/15 studies showed only positive correlations with healthy wand negative correlations with unhealthy characteristics
concluded that PS are primarily adaptive but may only be apparent with negative influence of PC is controlled in analyses
Stoeber 2011 findings
review suggests only PC are maladaptive
PS have an emotional motivational quality that gives athlete an additional boost to do their best
may only be true when PS are not accompanied by PC
Gotwals et al 2012 findings
documented and categorised and quantitatively analyses 31 studies on perfectionism in elite athletes
findings suggests PS among athletes are mainly adaptive, occasionally neutral, and rarely bad
trend only apparent with PC is controlled
Hill et al 2017 and Jowett et al 2016
overview
two review studies
81 studies
argue their reviews provide most comprehensive account of perfectionism research using partialling in sport, dance, and exercise
Hill et al 2017 and Jowett et al 2916 unpartialled PS findings
PS positively related with task and ego orientation, harmonious and obsessive passion
PS postive relationships with engagement
PS positively related to anxiety and self criticism but also to enjoyment and self confidence
PS positively related to athletic performance
Hill et al 2017 and Jowett et al 2016 findings for PC unpartialled
PC less likely to be harmful
PC positively related to ego orientation, obsessive passion
PC positively related to anxiety, anger, worry and unrelated to motivation and self confidence
PC did not provide any benefits to athletic performance
Hill et al 2017 and Jowett et al 2016 findings for partialled PS
more positive outcome when partialling used
Partialled PS found to be more adaptive, unrelated to negative factors a
Partialled PS typically positively related to athletic performance
Hill et al 2017 and Jowett et al 2016
findings for partialled PC
asimilar to unpartialled results
relationships with maladaptive criterion variables were strengthened
Hill, Mallinson-Howard, and Jowett 2018
Meta analysis including 51 studies, 29 criterion like motivation and emotions
Hill, Mallinson-Howard, And Jowett 2018 findings for PC
little benefit for Pc in athletes
PC more likely to place heavy toll on wellbeing, more likely to include anxiety, self criticism
no evidence of PC impact on performance
Hill, Mallinson-Howard, and Jowett 2018 findings on PS
PS more ambiguous
PS lily to be energising but give rise to complex patterns of achievement behaviour
unlike Pc, Ps were positively to athletic performance
PS had mixed impact on emotions - positively related to self esteem, self confidence, enjoyment, but also to worry, anxiety, self criticism
