Self Care Flashcards
self care
Preventing, diagnosing and treating one’s illness WITHOUT seeking professional advice.
Wellness: lifestyle, vitamins, exercise, diet
Sickness: non prescription meds, home diagnostics, etc.
non prescription meds (OTC)
REGULATED by the center for drug evaluation and research division of FDA
standards: purity, stability, labeling, safety vs risk.
Nutritional dietary supplements
-amino acids
-vitamins
-herbs
-minerals
natural products/ homeopathic remedies
complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
common self care conditions
nicotine addiction
yeast infections
contraception
acne
warts
skin problems
mino infections
indigestion/ heartburn
dihherea, alleries
sinus, cold or cough
constipation
gas
**incontinence
self care condtions
will have exceptions, limitations
non pharmacogical treatments
Examples of things that should NOT be self treated?!?
Excessive vomiting, bleeding, leg cramps, other examples …
Chronic conditions!!! Cholesterol, High Blood pressure which can lead to complications . Or conditions where patients cannot monitor on their own.
considerations of a otc product
overall safety
risk ratio
benefits
potential for abuse and misuse
no need for exams or labs
self diagnose and recognize symptoms
self treatment
true
condition can determine med prescription status
issues of OTC meds
-extensive # of meds available
-multiple outlets
-confusing brand names (multiple names for one product : Motrin vs Advil). one name for several formulations
- challenges of reading/understanding label (delay in seeking med advice)
robitussin problems?
Unintended consumption of
Acetaminophen
Phenylephrine
NOT considered Self-Care conditions should not be treated without appropriate medical assessment
Chronic conditions:
Hypertension, Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia
Severe or abrupt symptoms
Vomiting, prolonged bleeding, debilitating cramps
consider a referral if:
-fever: that hasn’t been seen by a physician
-sudden and severe onset of symptoms
-lasted longer than expected
-sensitive co morbidities: dementia, arrhythmia, sever cv PROBLEMS, DISEASES at there end stage
patient centered care- role of pharmacists in OTC meds
collect
assess
plan
implement
follow up and monitor/evaluate
collect
gather info
-who product is for? age gender lifestyle
-medical history - allergies, meds, conditions, pas self care treatment
-reasons for requesting product
-nature of the condition
-social determinants of health
-culture and religious consideration
collect SCHOLAR METHOD
Q- quickly and accurately asses the patient
collect…
Symptoms- what are your symptoms
Characteristics- describe it
History- how long or often
Onset- when it started
Location- where is it
Aggravating factors- what worsens it
Remitting factors- what makes it better
COLLECT PQRSTA METHOD
P: precipitating/palliating
Q: quality of the symptom
R: radiating/remitting
S: severity
T: time/temporal
A: associated symptoms
Assess
- QUEST:
Q- quickly and accurately asses the patient
E- establish if patient is a self care candidate
S- suggest appro. self care strategies
T- talk with patient
Severity
Affect on
co-morbidities/diseases
other medications
medical assessments (labs, baseline)
daily activities
Overall Risk vs. Benefit
PLAN
- no recommendation- self limiting, non pharmacological
- recommend
- product and non-pharm
- referral
implement
education and counseling
follow up
-duration of therapy
-improvement vs worsening
COLLECT Using Effective Questioning and Listening
Use open-ended questions and Closed ended questions appropriately
Eliminate distractions
Reflective Listening
Empathy
Remove physical barriers
Let the patient talk
Identify nonverbal cues
Be objective
Be aware of nonphysical barriers
Summarize
Drug label parts
Active Ingredient. Therapeutic substance in product; amount of active ingredient per unit.
Uses. Symptoms or diseases the product will treat or prevent.
Warnings. When not to use the product; conditions that may require advice from a doctor before taking the product; possible interactions or side effects; when to stop taking the product and when to contact a doctor; if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, seek guidance from a health care professional; keep product out of children’s reach.
Inactive Ingredients. Substances such as colors or flavors.
Purpose. Product action or category (such as antihistamine, antacid, or cough suppressant.
Directions. Specific age categories, how much to take, how to take, and how often and how long to take.
Other Information. How to store the product properly and required information about certain ingredients (such as the amount of calcium, potassium, or sodium the product contains). MOISTURE
Additional Information
The expiration date, when applicable.
Lot or batch code
manufacturer information to help identify the product
Name and address of manufacturer, packer, or distributor.
Net quantity of contents
how much of the product is in each package
What to do if an overdose occurs.
Supplements, vitamins, Herbals, Homeopathy
Not regulated by FDA = not required to have a drug facts label
Cannot make claims of effectiveness in certain conditions
Although some support in medical literature for certain products, lack of regulation puts pharmacists in difficult situation
Products without a Facts Labelresources
Natural Medicine Database
National Institutes of Health
Office of Dietary Supplements
Herbs at a Glance
Medline Plus
Books and other resources
Daily MED - LABELS
Website operated by the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Up-To-Date and accurate drug labels to health care providers and the general public.
Provided and updated daily by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
plan
- when no product is needed:
-Self-limiting or Non-pharmacological treatment
-Additional medical attention is needed - product is needed:
Use: when to use ?and how much to use?
duration: how long to use?
side effects: interactions with Rx food, diseases
storage- after opening
symptoms improve or worsen we change the dose
end of consultations
Patient must understand:
Why was this product selected
How do to take/use this product
When do I stop taking this product
What do I do if my symptoms get better or worse
When to seek medical attention
home test kits
screening: Used to identify possibility of disease BEFORE symptoms are present
-Non-specific
-Fecal occult blood tests
home diagnostics:
Used to identify presence of SPECIFIC condition
UTI, Pregnancy, Ovulation, Cholesterol
Monitoring
Used to monitor a condition ONCE patient has been diagnosed
Diabetes, hypertension
Criteria for Home Test Kits
95-99% Accurate
Safe and effective with low risk: benefit ratio
Meet same standards as professional kits
Permit proper use for variety of users
Offer quality control features
Include simple, easy-to follow instructions for use
Provide warnings and precautions
List interfering substances
Examples of Home Test Kits
Blood Pressure Monitors
Blood Glucose Kits
A1C Kits
Cholesterol Testing -
Pregnancy Tests
Ovulation Kits
Urinary Track Infections
Drug Tests
HIV testing
COVID-19 testing
Home testing kit Considerations:
Proper selection - patient preference and needs :
Visual Impairment
Dexterity
Learning disabilities
Language barrier
CLIA- clincial labratory imporvement admendment:waiver
not in NYS but is approved in other states . low risk easy to conduct tests
Role of the Pharmacist
Help recognize appropriate use
Understand steps for use
Recognize precautions and limitations
Help interpret results
Identify interfering substances
Stress ramifications of false-positives and false-negatives
Help patient understand that no test is 100% accurate
Pharmacists as Immunizers
Screen and Administer
Immunize with a prescription order
Immunize with no prescription but with a Standing Order
Standing order: a prewritten medication order with specific instructions allowing another practitioner to administer a medication/vaccine to a person according to protocol
Immunizations
Pharmacists, Ph Interns, Certified Pharmacy Technicians
Certified and registered with the state board of pharmacy.
Certificate Program, CPR Certificate
Roles vary dependent on title
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) guidelines
Each patient must receive
Immunization Record
Vaccine Information Sheet
Immunizations- roles in Health and wellness
Pharmacist & Intern -CLINICAL DECISIONS
Screen & Counsel Patients:
Identity high risk patients
Identity vaccination needs
Identify contraindications
Education patients on disease and vaccine
Determine timing of new and follow up vaccinations
Administer vaccinations
Immunizations- roles in Health and wellness
Certified Pharm Tech- TECHNICAL PROCESS
Register Patients
Collect Information identified (history, allergies)
Administer pre-determined vaccine
Provide documentation
Promote Vaccinations
