Self Flashcards
What is the Self-perception theory?
when internal cues are weak we look at our behaviour and consider the situation. if the situation cannot explain the behaviour, we infer a corresponding internal state
What is intrinsic motivation?
Internal motivation - doing something out of interest, enjoyment, or challenge
What is extrinsic motivation?
external motivation - doing something for a reward or recognition, or as an obligation or punishment
What is the over-justification effect?
when rewards are introduced for intrinsically motivated behaviours, the behaviour becomes over justified
What is the social comparison theory?
when uncertain about our abilities or opinions, we evaluate self through comparison with similar others
What was Festinger’s 1954 theory?
Social comparison theory
What are the types of social comparisons?
Upward comparison is comparing self to someone who is better on some dimension. Downward comparison is comparing self to someone who is worse on some dimension
What is an independent view of others?
Define oneself using own thoughts, feelings and behaviours. Value independence (western cultures)
What is an interdependent view of the self?
define oneself using one’s relationships with others and that our behaviour is determined by others’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Value connectedness and interdependence (non-western cultures)
What is the working self-concept?
more group affiliations among Chinese students and more trait descriptions among American students
What is self-esteem?
Evaluation of self
What is the Sociometer Theory?
driven by a need for connection and approval with self-esteem signalling level of social inclusion
In what year and by whom was the Sociometer Theory created?
Leary & Baumeister, 2000
What is the Terror management theory?
driven by self-preservation but conscious and scared of death. To cope, we construct and adhere to a cultural worldview that provides meaning and purpose. Self-esteem acts as a buffer against the thought of death
In what year and by whom was the Terror management theory?
Greenberg et al., 1997
What is the self-awareness theory?
self-focused attention leads us to compare ourselves to internal standards and values. Not meeting internal standards leads to discomfort
What is self-enhancement?
people are motivated to feel good about themselves and this can affect their thoughts and behaviours
What is the better-than-average effect?
most people think highly of themselves and are biased towards self-enhancement
What are self-serving beliefs?
self-enhancing recollections - believe we did better than we did.
Attributions - take credit for success but blame others for our failures
Optimism about one’s future - think they will do better in life than their peers (illusion of control)
What is self-verification?
we want others to see us the way we see ourselves.
For low self-esteem - prefer to interact with those who see them negatively.
