Self Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Self-perception theory?

A

when internal cues are weak we look at our behaviour and consider the situation. if the situation cannot explain the behaviour, we infer a corresponding internal state

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2
Q

What is intrinsic motivation?

A

Internal motivation - doing something out of interest, enjoyment, or challenge

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3
Q

What is extrinsic motivation?

A

external motivation - doing something for a reward or recognition, or as an obligation or punishment

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4
Q

What is the over-justification effect?

A

when rewards are introduced for intrinsically motivated behaviours, the behaviour becomes over justified

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5
Q

What is the social comparison theory?

A

when uncertain about our abilities or opinions, we evaluate self through comparison with similar others

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6
Q

What was Festinger’s 1954 theory?

A

Social comparison theory

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7
Q

What are the types of social comparisons?

A

Upward comparison is comparing self to someone who is better on some dimension. Downward comparison is comparing self to someone who is worse on some dimension

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8
Q

What is an independent view of others?

A

Define oneself using own thoughts, feelings and behaviours. Value independence (western cultures)

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9
Q

What is an interdependent view of the self?

A

define oneself using one’s relationships with others and that our behaviour is determined by others’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Value connectedness and interdependence (non-western cultures)

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10
Q

What is the working self-concept?

A

more group affiliations among Chinese students and more trait descriptions among American students

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11
Q

What is self-esteem?

A

Evaluation of self

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12
Q

What is the Sociometer Theory?

A

driven by a need for connection and approval with self-esteem signalling level of social inclusion

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13
Q

In what year and by whom was the Sociometer Theory created?

A

Leary & Baumeister, 2000

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14
Q

What is the Terror management theory?

A

driven by self-preservation but conscious and scared of death. To cope, we construct and adhere to a cultural worldview that provides meaning and purpose. Self-esteem acts as a buffer against the thought of death

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15
Q

In what year and by whom was the Terror management theory?

A

Greenberg et al., 1997

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16
Q

What is the self-awareness theory?

A

self-focused attention leads us to compare ourselves to internal standards and values. Not meeting internal standards leads to discomfort

17
Q

What is self-enhancement?

A

people are motivated to feel good about themselves and this can affect their thoughts and behaviours

18
Q

What is the better-than-average effect?

A

most people think highly of themselves and are biased towards self-enhancement

19
Q

What are self-serving beliefs?

A

self-enhancing recollections - believe we did better than we did.
Attributions - take credit for success but blame others for our failures
Optimism about one’s future - think they will do better in life than their peers (illusion of control)

20
Q

What is self-verification?

A

we want others to see us the way we see ourselves.

For low self-esteem - prefer to interact with those who see them negatively.