selection and presentation of the news Flashcards
news is a social construct
it only exists when society determine it to be so
GMG constructed research which shows the news is not constructed in an unbiased way
news values (10)
composition (variety)
elite nations/people
frequency
meaningfulness
negativity
personalisation
proximity
threshold (size)
clarity
unexpectedness
making a profit
the source of the majority of profit comes from advertising which explains the dependence on ratings, hits and circulation
Bagdikian - stresses the importance of advertising - this means news reports will be presented in a way that avoids offending advertisers, with some stories being cut off completely
Curran et al - there is a conservatism (doesn’t do anything to rock the boat) in the media, which tries to avoid too much criticism in the way society is organised. This means that minority opinion is under-represented in the media
making a profit - Bagdikian
stresses the importance of advertising - this means news reports will be presented in a way that avoids offending advertisers, with some stories being cut off completely
making a profit - Curran et al
there is a conservatism (doesn’t do anything to rock the boat) in the media, which tries to avoid too much criticism in the way society is organised. This means that minority opinion is under-represented in the media
globalisation - how it impacts the presentation and selection of news
means there are a mass of news providers from across the globe to choose from. New technology such as smartphones, Twitter and digital TV means that news is instantly available from practically anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day.
citizen journalism
new technology has created better opportunities for citizen journalism.
Forms of new media (video shots on a smartphone that can be uploaded to twitter, YouTube etc) means ordinary people are more involved in directly collecting, reporting and spreading news stories
Bivens - argues that citizen journalism through mobile phone picture and videos at the scene of news events is transforming traditional journalism
citizen journalism - Bivens
argues that citizen journalism through mobile phone picture and videos at the scene of news events is transforming traditional journalism
agenda setting - How it impacts the selection and presentation of news:
People can only discuss and form opinions about things they know about, and in most cases, it is the media which provide this information. = the media’s influence in laying down the subjects for discussion is agenda setting
McCombs - argues that the media not only have influence over what we think about, but also how we think about certain subjects
agenda setting - How it impacts the selection and presentation of news - McCombs
rgues that the media not only have influence over what we think about, but also how we think about certain subjects
norm setting - How it impacts the selection and presentation of news
Norm-setting is the way the media emphasise and reinforce conformity to social norms and seek to isolate those who do not conform by making them victims of unfavourable media reports.
Norm setting is achieved by:
1. Encouraging conformist behaviour
2. Discouraging non-conformist behaviour
3. Media representations
= similar to marxist view that the media only promotes capitalist interests
how is norm setting achieved
Norm setting is achieved by:
1. Encouraging conformist behaviour
2. Discouraging non-conformist behaviour
3. Media representations
news values and newsworthiness
Events that are reported in the news have been through a gatekeeping or filtering process, with journalists and editors deciding what is newsworthy
Journalists operate within the framework of news values
Galtung and Ruge argue that newsworthy items include and play up the elements of a story which makes it more newsworthy
news values and newsworthiness - Galtung and Ruge
argue that newsworthy items include and play up the elements of a story which makes it more newsworthy
