Selected Models & FOR

Question 1

What does the model explain?

Answer 1

Broad perspective explaining how occupational therapy works
* how person, environment & occupation interrelate as system

Question 2

What is a frame of reference?

Answer 2

Narrow persepctive on particular situation & directly guides intervention with specific domain of concern

Question 3

What are some examples of occupation based models?

Answer 3

• MOHO
• OA
• EHP
• PEO
• PEOP
• KAWA

Question 4

What is selection & organization of frames of reference based on?

Answer 4

• psychodynamic
• behavioral cognitive
• cognitive disabilites
• developmental
• sensorimotor

Question 5

What is the psychodynamic approach?

Answer 5

Refers to broad range of appraoches based on Freudian psychoanalytic theory, including spirituality, attachment & relational models

Question 6

What are components of the Psychodynamic approach?

Answer 6

**Framework focus: **Ability to love and to work; Self-identity and interpersonal relationships; Exploration of the symbolic meaning of occupations; Promoting self-awareness and insight

**Function/dysfunction: **A functioning adult is free of conflicts and fixations and uses mature defenses; Dysfunction is the presence of conflicts and fixations and lacks skills such as reality testing

**Motivation: **When psychic energy is bound by conflict, persons may noy be motivated to develop or recover from illness

**Change: **Working through conflicts; acquiring ego adaptive skills

Question 7

What are components of the Behavioral Cognitive Continuum?

Answer 7

**Focus: **Learning or changing performance patterns and skills

Function/dysfunction: Function can be defined as adaptive behaviors; dysfunction as maladaptation

Change and motivation. Change is achieved through reinforcement of behaviors; Motivation is assumed to come from an innate drive toward mastery

Question 8

What are components of the Cognitive Disabilites Approach?

Answer 8

Basic assumption: A person’s cognitive level has biological and chemical determinants resulting from one or more health conditions. Engagement in activities and participation can be maximized through identifying limitations and adapting demands and context

**Focus: **Appropriate for chronic and acute care; Used to measure and monitor problem-solving ability and safety awareness

**Function/dysfunction: **Six levels ranging from comatose to highly functional

**Change & Motivation: **Change occurs when brain physiology or chemistry changes; Successful performance of a task increases motivation

Question 9

What are the components of the developmental appraoches?

Answer 9

**Focus: **Facilitate learning or relearning of motor skills through controlled sensory input; some FORs in this category address process skills such as attending, listening, emotional modulation, etc.

**Basic assumptions: **Importance of sensation in learning processes

**Change & Motivation: **Physical activity produces changes in neurophysiological functioning; Motivation comes from accepting challenge