selected habitats Flashcards
what are the ecological features of a broadleaf woodland
1) no major temp extremes
2) water available all year
3) deep and fertile soil
4) tree canopy layer present spring-autumn
5) decreased food availability in winter causes migration or hibernation of a lot of species
what are the importance of broad leaf woodlands
1) high biodiversity - ecological stability
2) woodland resources - building, fuel, smelting
3) recreation -walks, picnics
4) hydrological cycle
5) carbon sequestration
what are the threats to broadleaf woodlands
1) woodland clearance for farming, monocultures, urban developments
2) habitat fragmentation- woodland clearance may leave remaining areas isolated from each other so species become more vulnerable to extinction
what are the conservation efforts for broad leaf woodlands
1) woodland management- coppicing, pollarding which increase biodiversity
2) modern methods- new woodland areas around field margins
3) conservation management- the creation of clearing to promote biodiversity, planting mixed species
4) designated protected areas
5) planting new woodlands
what are the ecological features of a tropical rainforest
1) stable climate
2) high biodiversity due to limited range of abiotic factors
3) high rainfall
4) warm temp
5) no seasons
what is the importance of tropical rainforests
1) potential medical discoveries
2) new food species
3) resources such as timber, fuels
4) maintains the climate
5) soil maintenance - decay rate is fast so nutrients released
what are the threats to tropical rainforests
1) fuel collection- usually faster than the rate of growing
2) land clearance for agriculture using methods like slash and burn
3) mineral extraction- habitat loss, water pollution
4) reservoirs- migratory barrier, habitat change
5) climate change
what are some conservation efforts for tropical rainforests
1) protected areas- ie Brail protecting 6,680 km squared
2) Debt to nature swaps - e Brazil debt to USA cancelled
what are the ecological features of coral reefs
1) coral nutrition
2) high biodiversity
3) specific abiotic conditions- shallow, clear and warm waters
what are the importances of coral reefs
1) fisheries
2) medical discoveries
3) costal protection
4) tourism
what are the threats to tropical coral reefs
1) physical damage
2) tourism
3) sedimentation increasing turbidity
4) coral bleaching
5) introduced species
what are some conservation efforts for tropical coral reefs
1) marine protected areas ie fixed mooring times, to take zones, ecotourism
2) control of fishing
3) control of tourism
4) reef creation
what are the ecological features of deep water coral reefs
1) very slow growth as no symbiotic relationship with photosynthesizing algae
2) slow recovery rate
3) little to no light
what is the importance of deep coral reefs
1) support large biomass of K select species
2) potential discoveries
what are the threats to deep water coral reefs
1) deepwater trawling
2) expansion of oil and gas exploitation
3) increased release of CO2 causing acidification
what are the conservation efforts for deep water coral reefs
1) designated protected areas
2) restrictions on fishing
