Seizures/Epileptic encephalopathies Flashcards
Define: Seizure
Neurologic dysfunction in which abnormal neuronal firing is manifest clinically
Define: Epilepsy
Tendency towards recurrent seizures
What is depolarisation caused by?
Inward Na & Ca influx
What is repolarisation caused by?
Potassium channels
Most common excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS?
Glutamate
Most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS?
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
Name the 5 main types of generalised seizures?
Tonic Clonic Tonic-Clonic Myoclonic Absence
If rapid sequence induction is required for prolonged Seizure activity what induction agent would you use and why?
Thiopentone
Anti-seizure activity
Benign familial neonatal seizures are caused by what?
K+ Chanelopathy
What day do pyridoxine dependent seizures usually present?
Day 1
Pyridoxine is required for synthesis of which neurotransmitter?
GABA
Dravet syndrome is also called?
Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy
Which genetic mutation has been found to cause Dravet syndrome?
Na Channel mutation
SCN1A, SCN1B, SCN2A
Co-mornidities and natural history of Dravet syndrome?
Developmental delay (apparent by 2yrs)
Language delay
Gradual appearance of ataxia and hyper-reflexia
Often refractory seizures
West syndrome is characterised by what 3 findings?
Infantile spasms + hypsarrhythmia on EEG + developmental delay/regression
Age of onset of benign occipital epilepsy?
5 - 7yrs
EEG findings with benign occipital epilepsy?
Spikes in occipital region on eye closure
Rolandic epilepsy accounts for what percentage of childhood epilepsies?
~15%
What percentage of school age children will have changes in occipito-temporal region (with or without seizures)?
2%
What type of Sz is found in Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (Rolandic epilepsy)?
Partial Seizures
Most commonly face with drooling, oropharyngeal stimulation, mouth twitching, paraesthesia of gums
Natural history of Rolandic epilepsy?
Most seizures resolve by 15yrs
Panayiotopoulos syndrome is characterised by;
Age?
Seizure type?
Age: 3-6yrs Seizure type: Seizures during sleep where autonomic symptoms predominant (vomiting, pallor, salivation) Seizures infrequent (25% will only have 1 Sz)
Characteristics of an absence seizure?
No aura No post-ictal period Brief Many Complete interruption/unawareness of surrounding events
Landau-Kleffner syndrome is also called?
Acquired Epileptiform Aphasia
