Seizures Flashcards
Define Tonic movements
Producing tone or contraction of muscles
Define Clonic movements
Alternating pattern of relaxation and contraction
What is the most common cause of seizures?
70% idiopathic Head trauma Brain tissue infxn Brain tumor Stroke Genetics Prenatal disturbance of brain development
1st seizure after age 30 must be worked up to rule out what condition?
Tumor until proven otherwise
What are some accompanying S/Sx with a seizure?
Fever (infxn) Focal neurologic finding Papilledema (ICP) Roth spots / Retinal hemorrhages HA (infectious or hemorrhagic cause of seizures) Meningismus
A physical exam should look for what in a PT suspected of having seizures of unknown origin?
Neuro exam Todd's Paralysis (one arm or side of body) Postural HYPOtension Abnormal HR and rhythm Head trauma Carotid Dz Cardiac Dz Systemic Infxn Alcohol or drug abuse
What are Grand-Mal seizures also known as?
Tonic-Clonic (Grand Mal)
What are Petit Mal seizures also known as?
Absence (Petit Mal)
What are some of the features of generalized seizures?
Begin with a rigid phase followed by repetitive clonic movement
Bilateral-symmetric (without local onset)
Oral frothing
Respiratory distress
Cyanosis
Incontinence
What is the associated triad with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome?
Developmental delay
Absence and tonic seizures
Slow spike-wave D/Cs on EEG
(onset 2-7 years)
(1/3rd have status epilepticus initially)
What is the definition of Ictal?
Relating to or caused by stroke / seizure
What does post-ictal mean?
Altered consciousness after a seizure
When would Valproic Acid be absolutely contraindicated?
Pregnant women
What drugs can be used to control generalized seizures?
Barbiturates
Phenytoin
Valproic Acid
Ethosuximide
What medications could you use to control partial seizures?
Phenytoin
Valproic Acid
Carbamezapine
What are some side effects you should keep in mind with Phenytoin?
What is Phenytoin’s trade name?
Dilantin
Gingivitis
Osteoporosis
Hirsuitism
Pseudolyphoma