Neuro Radiology Flashcards
A PT presents with C-Spine Px; which CXR views would you consider for this PT depending on their S/Sx?
Cross Table Lateral A/P Obliques (L / R Neural Foramina) Odontoid (open mouth) Flexion and Extension
A fracture of C1 is noted on CXR; what is this more commonly known as?
What could this be caused by?
Jefferson Fx
Axial loading-diving into pool
What is a Skull Series of CXR and when would it be indicated?
Posterio/Anterior
Lateral
Oblique
Waters view- Sinuses
Indications: Trauma, congenital anomaly, bone neoplasms
A C2 Fracture is noted upon CXR; what is the more common name for this Fx?
What could some potential causes be for this Fx?
Hangman Fx (Hyperextension / Fx of neural arches)
Odontoid
Hyperflexion Extension Rotation Lateral Flexion Sheering forces
C2 - C7 fractures may be known as what kinds of Fx?
Compression
Teardrop
Burst Fx
What is Spondylo-listhesis?
Forward SLIPPAGE of vertebral body
What is Spondyl-itis?
Inflammation
Fused spine
Ankylosing Spondylitis
“Bamboo spine”
Spondyl-osis
Degenerative (DJD)
Osteoarthritis - anterior spurs
Sclerosis / disc narrowing
What is Spondylo-lysis?
Fracture of the pars interarticularis
Compression Fx’s can be common in which regions of the PT’s spinal column?
In lumbar vertebrae but also T9-T10
Risk factors include
Osteoporosis
Alcohol abuse
Old age
If you have a PT with positive crossover Px with SLR’s; what condition do you suspect and what imaging modality is most preferred?
Disc herniation
MRI is preferred and more sensitive over CT
If you want to view the fourth ventricle; what CT view
Infratentorial
When are CT scans of the brain implicated?
- Trauma (dural bleeds)
- Vascular event (stroke or suspected subarachnoid bleeds)
- Neoplasms
- Inflammatory Dz’s (Abscesses, MS, Vasculitis, Edema)
- Congenital (Hydrocephalus)
A fracture of the temporal bone is visualized on CT… What associated hematoma should you be concerned about?
Epidural hematoma
ARTERIAL bleeds (Middle meningeal artery common)
Temporal bone Fx MC
A half-moon appearance is visualized on CT in the middle of the brain after an injury 4 days ago. What should be your primary bleed on your differential?
Subdural hematoma
VENOUS; shearing type of injury from falls or MVA
B/t dura and pia mater
What is the typical presentation of a Subarachnoid Hemorrhage?
What are some associated risk factors?
Worst headache of their life
Sudden and severe “Thunderclap” HA
Uncontrolled hypertension
Familial Hx
Aneurysm Hx (circle of Willis -berry aneurysm MC)
What CSF color will associated T1 and T2 images have on MRI’s of the brain?
T1- CSF appears darker
T2- CSF appears brighter
What is FLAIR imaging; when would you consider ordering a FLAIR?
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR)
Indicated for MS
T2 images but normal CSF is darker
What are some contraindications for an MRI?
Unstable PT
Implanted metallic devices
Intraocular metallic FB
Claustrophobia / Agitation
What are some limitations of an MRI?
Motion artifact
Inferior to CT (for ID of acute hemorrhage and bony injuries)
Prolonged time for imaging
What are some indications for a PET scan?
Dementia ~~Alzheimer's ~~Fronto-Temporal Dementia ~~ Neurodegen Disorders Epilepsy NEOPLASMS
