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Patho - Neuro > Seizures > Flashcards

Seizures Flashcards

1
Q

what is a seizure

A

a neuron misfiring in the brain

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2
Q

seizures are often r/t an underlying condition

A

yes - when underlying condition resolves seizures stop (hypoglycemia/febrile/alcohol withdraw)

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3
Q

what is epilepsy

A

a CHRONIC seizure disorder without identifiable reason

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4
Q

are seizures in epilepsy recurrent

A

yes

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5
Q

recurrent seizures in epilepsy MAY present with

A

altered LOC
convulsions
behavior abnormalities

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6
Q

what causes seizures

A

metabolic
toxicological
intra-cranial (brain tumor, IICP)
extra-cranial (high fever, low blood sugar)

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7
Q

if seizure goes on for long period of time what could happen in the brain

A

scar tissue could form in the brain

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8
Q

patho of epilepsy

A

neurons undergo spontaneous firing - firing can spread to other areas of the brain

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9
Q

generalized seizure occurs where

A

a seizure effecting both sides of the brain

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10
Q

a partial seizure occurs where

A

in one hemisphere of the brain (localized)

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11
Q

why are seizures so dangerous

A

blackouts cause injuries

increase oxygen demands in brain causing hypoxia

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12
Q

status epilepticus

A

seizure not letting up or clusters of seizures

leading to brain death

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13
Q

social effects of seizures

A

license revoked for a period of time(depend on state)
stigmas
employment discrimination (driving)

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14
Q

what determines seizure symptoms

A

location of seizure extent of spreading/size

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15
Q 
grande
petite
a
tonic
mal
A 
big
small
none - without
stiffening of muscle
bad
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16
Q

seizures progress through different stages, t or f

A

true

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17
Q

2 classifications of seizures

A

partial and generalized

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18
Q

difference in consciousness, partial vs generalized seizures

A

partial - conscious

general - unconscious

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19
Q

tonic-clonic (generalized) seizure is often referred to as a

A

grand mal seizure (big and bad)

b/l (2 areas or more firing at the same time)

20
Q

s/s of tonic-clonic seizure

A 
stiffening of muscle (stiff/relax)
frothing at the mouth
tongue biting
apnea
loss of consciousness
often have episode of consciousness
21
Q

what are pt at risk for w/tonic-clonic seizure

A

secondary injury

aspiration (chest x-ray)

22
Q

what is the ictal state of seizure

A

having an actual seizure

23
Q

what is the post-ictal state of seizure

A

minutes to hours after seizure

24
Q

what are s/s of pt post-ictal tonic-clonic seizure

A

lethargy, hungry, confusion

25
Q

what should we recommend post-ictal tonic-clonic seizure

A

sleeping

26
Q

absence (generalized) seizure is often referred to as

A

petit mal seizure (small and bad) “daydreaming seizures”

27
Q

*absence seizures are typically found in this population

A

children (school-aged to adolescence)

28
Q

s/s of absence seizure

A

very quick - hard to miss

daydreaming/zoning out in class

29
Q

what area of the brain is affected with absence seizure

A

both hemispheres of the brain

30
Q

triggers for absence seizures

A 
flashing lights (video games)
hyperventilation  (running on playground)
31
Q

2 types of generalized seizures (prototypes)

A

tonic-clonic

absence

32
Q

3 types of partial seizures

A

simple
complex
secondarily generalized

33
Q

s/s of simple seizures

A

report dejavu prior to seizure
conscious - but altered
if seizure is on rt, s/s appear on lt side of body (jerking)

34
Q

s/s of complex seizures

A

altered LOC - foggy but conscious(non-communicative)
r/t temporal lobe involvement
lip-smacking

35
Q

what is a secondarily generalized seizure

A

starts as partial seizure, goes into generalized

36
Q

s/s of secondarily generalized seizure

A

bilateral hemisphere involvement

aura

37
Q

is secondarily generalized seizure common

A

yes - but often undiagnosed (missed first s/s)

38
Q

think of this term with secondarily generalized seizures

A

Todd’s paralysis

39
Q

s/s of Todd’s paralysis r/t secondarily generalized seizure

A

focal deficits w/some hemi-plegia resolving after 36hrs
easy to mis-diagnose as a stroke
hypoxia - perm. brain damage - death

40
Q

what is status epilepticus

A

grand mal seizure on steroids

41
Q

most dangerous seizure you can have

A

status epilepticus - neurons exhaust - brain damage

42
Q

is a status epilepticus seizure a neurologic emergency

A

yes - requires intervention

43
Q

what intervention can we do for status epilepticus

A

benzos IV

44
Q

what is a sub-clinical seizure

A

abnormal electrical process going on - suppressed by pharmacological agent

45
Q

what is a psychogenic seizure

A

psychological in nature - make you think they are having (urinate on self)

Patho - Neuro (6 decks)

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