Seizure drugs Flashcards
first line treatment for general and partial seizures
valproate
carbamazepine
phenytoin
lamotrigine
MOA of Valproate
inactivates sodium channels
increases GABA by inhibiting GABA transaminase
Side effects of Valproate
Teratogenic
Alopecia
Tremor
Hepatotoxicity
GI distress
pancreatitis
neural tube defects
weight gain
MOA of Carbamazepine
blocks sodium channels
Side effects of Carbamazepine
Teratogen
Diplopia
hepatotoxicity
ataxia
agranulocytosis
induces CYP450
SIADH
Steven Johnson Syndrome
MOA of phenytoin
blocks sodium channels
zero-order kinetics
Side effects of phenytoin
Teratogen
P450 induction
hirsutism
gingival hyperplasia
nystagmus
steven johnson syndrome
drug-induced lupus
osteopathies
Megaloblastic anemia
diplopia
ataxia
peripheral neuropathy
DRESS
sedation
MOA of Lamotrigine
blocks voltage-gated sodium channels
inhibits release of glutamate
Side effect of Lamotrigine
Steven Johnson syndrome
Treatment for absence seizures
Ethosuximide
Valproate
MOA of Ethosuximide
blocks T type Calcium channels in neurons of the thalamus
Side effects of Ethosuximide
fatigue
GI distress
HA
Itching
Steven Johnson Syndrome
Treatment for status epilepticus
Benzodiazepines
Phenytoin
MOA of Benzodiazepines
increases GABA action by increasing the opening frequency of chloride channels, causing hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic neuronal membranes and decreased neuronal excitability
Side effects of Benzodiazepines
blunt affect
hangover effect
motor incoordination and weakness
amnesia
tolerance/ dependence
paradoxical excitability
CNS depression
MOA of Phenobarbital
increases GABA action by increasing the affinity of the receptor for GABA and the duration of time that the chloride channel remains open
Side effects pf Phenobarbital
sedation
tolerance/dependence
CYP450 induction
Cardiorespiratory suppression
First line treatment for partial seizures
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine
Levetiracetam
side effects of Levetiracetam
personality changes
fatigue
drowsiness
HA
Second line treatment of partial seizures
Gabapentin
MOA of Gabapentin
inhibits T type calcium channels in thalamic neurons
What do you use for neonatal seizures
phenobarbital
Side effects of Gabapentin
dry mouth
somnolence
nausea
ataxia
What do you use Vigabatrin for and what is its MOA
Refractory focal seizures
inhibits GABA transaminase to increase GABA
Side effects of Vigabatrin
Irreversible vision loss
glaucoma
nephrolithiasis
weight loss
MOA of Tiagabine
inhibits GABA reuptake
Side effects of Tiagabine
GI upset
insomnia
drowsiness
weight changes
What do you use topiramate for and what is its MOA
Focal seizures
blocks sodium channels and increases GABA
