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Neuro > CNS tumors > Flashcards

CNS tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Most common malignant adult neoplasm and where is it most commonly found

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

cerebrum/ corupus callosum

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2
Q

Most common benign adult neoplasm

where is if most commonly found

A

Meningioma

falx cerebri

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3
Q

sites of hemangioblastoma

A

retina

cerebellum

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4
Q

diagnostics of hemangioblastoma

A

sharply demarcated intraparenchymal mass

~60% cystic with non-enhancing wall

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5
Q

associations of hemangioblastoma

A

VHL

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6
Q

Imaging of Glioblastoma multiforme

A

garland like contrast enhancement with central necrosis

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7
Q

Morphology of glioblastoma multiforme

A

hypercellular white matter with extensive astrocytic aberration

microvascular proliferation

areas of necrosis and hemorrhage with surrounding pseudopalisading arrangement of tumor cells

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8
Q

associations of glioblastoma multiforme

A

overexpression of ERFR

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9
Q

Where are oligodendrogliomas most commonly found

what population do you most commonly see them?

A

frontal lobe

adults in their 40-50’s

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10
Q

Diagnostics of an oligodendroglioma

A

intraparenchymal tumor with calcifications

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11
Q

Classic morphology of oligodendrogliomas

A

small clear cytoplasm with large round nuclei (appearing as fried eggs) and chicken wire pattern of capillary anastomoses

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12
Q

Diagnostics of meningiomas

A

well defined space-occupying lesion resembling a snowball

Dura mater sign

Ginko leaf sign in the spinal cord

sunburst appearance

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13
Q

Morphology of meningiomas

A

psammoma bodies

onion peel arrangements of tumor cells with whorled pattern of concentrically arranged spindle cells

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14
Q

Associations of Meningiomas

A

NF2

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15
Q

Location of acoustic schwannomas

A

internal auditory meatus at the cerebellar pontine angle

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16
Q

Diagnostics of acoustic schwannomas

A

enhancing lesion by the internal auditory canal with possible extension into the cerebellopontine angle S100+

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17
Q

Morphology of acoustic schwannomas

A

biphasic pattern of Anoni A and B bodies

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18
Q

Describe Antoni A-bodies

A

spindle cells arranged in palisading patterns with interspersing nuclear-free zones (Verocay bodies)

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19
Q

describe Antoni B bodies

A

paucicellular pattern with unstained myxoid stroma

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20
Q

Association of bilateral schwannomas

A

NF2

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21
Q

Most common malignant pediatric tumor

A

medulloblastoma

22
Q

where is medulloblastoma typically located

A

cerebellum

23
Q

Diagnostics of medulloblastoma

A

contrast-enhancing mass on imaging

24
Q

Morphology of medulloblastoma

A

sheets of small anaplastic blue cells with scant cytoplasm (primitive cells) with high mitotic figures Homer Wright Rosettes

25
Q

associations of medulloblastoma

A

Turcot syndrome

26
Q

Most common benign pediatric tumor

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

27
Q

most common location of pilocytic astrocytoma

A

cerebellum

28
Q

Diagnostics of pilocytic astrocytoma

A

well-demarcated cystic lesions

29
Q

Morphology of pilocytic astrocytoma

A

bipolar cells composed of central basophilic nuclei with eosinophilic pilocytic processes (Rosenthal fibers)

30
Q

Location of Epyndymoma

A

around the ventricles and floor of 4th ventricle

31
Q

are Epyndymomas malignant or benign?

A

benign

32
Q

Diagnostics of Epyndymomas

A

intraparenchymal tumor with calcifications and cystic components due to necrosis and/or hemorrhage

33
Q

morphology of Epyndymomas

A

perivascular pseudorosettes

rod-shaped blepharoblasts near the nucleus

34
Q

Association of Epyndymoma

A

NF2

35
Q

Origin of craniopharyngiomas

A

rathkes pouch

36
Q

are craniopharyngiomas benign or malignant?

A

benign

37
Q

diagnostics of craniopharyngiomas

A

suprasellar calcified cysts with lobulated contouring

38
Q

Morphology of craniopharyngiomas

A

cyst filled with viscous brown/ yellow cholesterol cysts, resembling motor oil

cords of palisading squamous epithelium with wet keratin

39
Q

clinical features of tuberous sclerosis

A

hamartomas

seizures

ash leaf spots

shagreen patches

cysts on liver, kidney and pancreas

intellectual disability

40
Q

cause of tuberous sclerosis

A

mutation of TSC1 on chromosome 9 (codes hamartin) or mutation of TSC2 on chromosome 16 (codes tuberin)

41
Q

clinical presentation of Sturge-Weber Syndrome

A

port wine stained facial angioma in V1 and V2

leptomeningeal angiomas

early-onset glaucoma

infantile epilepsy

intellectual disability

42
Q

What conditions are associated with NF1

A

scoliosis

pheochromocytoma

Wilms tumor

43
Q

pathology of NF1

A

mutation of NF1 gene on chromosome 17 that codes for neurofibromin

44
Q

pathology of NF2

A

mutation of NF2 gene on chromosome 22 that codes for merlin

45
Q

clinical presentation of NF2

A

bilateral acoustic schwannomas

multiple meningiomas

multiple cerebral and spinal tumors

46
Q

associations of NF2

A

Meningiomas

Schwannomas

47
Q

Associations of VHL

A

hemangioblastomas

bilateral renal cell carcinomas

pheochromocytoma

48
Q

clinical presentation of VHL

A

cysts in the pancreas, liver and kidneys

hemangioblastomas in the retina, cerebellum, brain stem and spine

49
Q

pathology of VHL

A

deletion of VHL gene on chromosome 3, which knocks out the tumor suppressor gene

50
Q

explain the sequelae of increased HIF-1a in VHL

A
  1. deletion of VHL leads to increased HIF-1a
  2. increased HIF-1a leads to increased VEGF, EPO, PDGF and TGF-a
  3. leads to angiogenesis
  4. polycythemia and growth stimulation

Neuro (13 decks)

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