Seizure

Question 1

Focal seizure

Answer 1

Part of the brain only affected, symptoms specific to brain

Question 2

Generalized seizure

Answer 2

both hemispheres involved, may be convulsive or not, massive depolarization of the brain

Question 3

Absence seizure

Answer 3

Patient looks like they are just staring off

Question 4

What are the big three traditional agents?

Answer 4

Phenytoin
Valproic acid
Carbamazepine

Question 5

Which drug is not eliminated linearly and requires monitoring?

Answer 5

Phenytoin

Question 6

Drug associated with gingival hyperplasia?

Answer 6

Pheytoin

Question 7

which drug is associated with Fetal hydantoin syndrome??

Answer 7

Phenytoin

Question 8

MOA of Phenytoin?

Answer 8

Blocks Na+ channels

Question 9

Unique use of Carbamazepine

Answer 9

Trigeminal neuralgia

Question 10

Which drug works through autoinduction - induces its own metabolism?

Answer 10

Carbamazepine

Question 11

Which drug has a black box warning for SJS/rash inn asians due to the HLA-B1502 gene?

Answer 11

Carbamazepine

Question 12

Why do you need to increase the dose of Carbamazepine overtime?

Answer 12

Because it induces its own metabolism

Question 13

Which drug has a black box warning for blood dyscrasias?

Answer 13

Carbamazepine

Question 14

MOA of Valproic acid?

Answer 14

Na+ channels
Block T-type Ca2+ channel
Stimulates GABA synthesis

Question 15

Which drug can be used for many different seizure types including absent seizures and is the drug of choice for mixed seizures?

Answer 15

Valproic acid

Question 16

Which drug is the enteric coated form of Valproic acid?

Answer 16

Divalproex

Question 17

Should Valproic acid be used to treat absent seizures?

Answer 17

No, it is better for mixed seizures

Question 18

Which drug is associated with hepatic toxicity and pancreatic toxicity?

Answer 18

Valproic acid

Question 19

What is the MOA of Ethosuximide?

Answer 19

Blocks only T-type Ca2+ channles ONLY

Question 20

What drug is used to only treat absent seizures?

Answer 20

Ethosuximide

Question 21

Which drug is used to rapidly terminate status epilepticus only in emergency situations?

Answer 21

Lorazepam

Question 22

Why is Lorazepam a good choice for treating status epilepticus?

Answer 22

It has a long duration of action - it can terminate the seizure quickly and prevent the seizure from returning?

Question 23

Why cant Lorazepam be used chronically for treating status epilepticus?

Answer 23

Because tolerance

Question 24

Which drug is used to treat Post-herpetic neuralgia?

Answer 24

Gabapentin

Question 25

What is the mechanism of GABA?

Answer 25

Unclear, was supposed to be a GABA agonist

Question 26

Mechanism of action of Lamotrigine

Answer 26

Blocks Na+ channels (reduces the release of glutamate)
Blocks Ca2+ channels
Metabolized by glucuronidation

Question 27

What is Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and which drug is used to treat it?

Answer 27

Severe seizures in neonates, multiple refractory seizures

Lamotrigine

Question 28

Which drug is known to have no drug reactions?

Answer 28

Levetiracetam (keppra)

Question 29

Which drug is used frequently because it is very hard to overdose on?

Answer 29

Levetiracetam (keppra)

Question 30

Which drug blocks the presynaptic GABA reuptake transporter GAT-1?

Answer 30

Tigabine

Question 31

Which drug is analgous to SSRIs but for GABA?

Answer 31

Tigabine

Question 32

Which drug is associated with renal calculi formation?

Answer 32

Topiramate

Question 33

What is a unique MOA of topiramate?

Answer 33

Weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor