seismic hazards

Question 1

focus

Answer 1

point underground where the earthquake originates from

Question 2

epicentre

Answer 2

area above that is directly above the focus

Question 3

liquefaction

Answer 3

saturated soil acts like a liquid due to vibrations of an earthquake, it become waker and more likely to subside when a large weight is on it

Question 4

nature of seismic events

Answer 4

occur at plate boundaries
- san andreas fault in california

Question 5

richter scale

Answer 5

frequency of an earthquake – the energy released is proportional to the magnitude

Question 6

effects of seismic events

Answer 6

ground shaking
ground rupture
soil liquefaction
landslides
fires
effects on people and built environment

Question 7

tsunamis

Answer 7

generated by shallow focus underwater earthquake

Question 8

tsunamis effects depend on

Answer 8

• height of wave
• distance travelled
• coastal physical geography
• land use and population density

Question 9

effects

Answer 9

drowning or injuries by water and debris
buildings and infrastructure washed away

Question 10

fukushima quake 2011

Answer 10

9.0 magnitude
moved mainland 2.4m east
wave reached 40m
16000 death/6000 injured/2500 missing

Question 11

managing seismic hazards - prediction

Answer 11

san andreas
- mapped areas on geographical information
- laser detec movement

Question 12

prevention of seismic hazards

Answer 12

liquefaction can be prevented through soil stabilitisation
- avalanches can be prevented through controlled explosions

Question 13

prepardness of seismic hazards

Answer 13

• awareness strategies
• warning systems
• evacuation plans and training

Question 14

mitigation of seismic hazards

Answer 14

• search and rescue
• immediate emergency aid
• demolishing unsafe buildings
• tsunami wave breaks

Question 15

adaptation of seismic events

Answer 15

• capitalise on opportunities
• insurance if risk
• changing lifestyle choices
• earthquake proof buildings

Question 16

LIC - kathmandu nepal 2015 key information

Answer 16

• 8 magnitude
• epicentre 80km
• indo australian and eurasian plate boundaries

Question 17

LIC - nepal 2015 primary effects

Answer 17

9000 died
20k injured
3m left homeless
electrcity, water, communication disconnected
1m need food, shelter and water
7000 crowded schools/hospitals
$5bn damage

Question 18

LIC - nepal 2015 secondary effects

Answer 18

landslides and avalanches
mt everest killed 19 ppl
250 missing
70% live in temp shelters

Question 19

LIC - nepal 2015 immediate responses

Answer 19

search and rescue
500k tents
financial aid pledged
300k migrated to seek shelter
social media used in search and rescue

Question 20

LIC - nepal 2015 long term responses

Answer 20

roads repaired
7000 schools rebuilt
conference to discuss reconstruction
tourism to be boosted

Question 21

HIC - christchurch NZ earthquake key info

Answer 21

14% live in rural areas
high life expectancy
- 6 magnitude
- focus 3.1 miles shallow
- epicentre 6 miles from christchurch

Question 22

HIC - christchurch primary effects

Answer 22

180 killed
2000 injured
water and sewage pipes damaged
50% central city buildings destroyed
liquefaction damages roads

Question 23

HIC - christchurch secondary effects

Answer 23

businesses out of action
emergency ervies interupted by road closures
lost benefits like tourism
$40bn damages

Question 24

HIC - christchurch immediate responses

Answer 24

rescue from Japan, USA, UK and Austrialia
$5m aid money from australia
vulnerable people cared for

Question 25

HICv - christchurch long term responses

Answer 25

• divided 4 zone
  green: undamaged
  orange: checks
  white: unchecked
  red: unstable
• temp housing
• NGO helped with recovery