sehs endocrine test Flashcards
define endocrine system
system made up of the body’s glands and hormones, regulates all biological processes in the body
what does the endocrine system do
along with the nervous system, it regulates in the human body and controls the responses to physiological challenges through the release of hormones
what is the difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system
- the endocrine uses hormones while nervous system uses electrical impulses
- the nervous system acts rapidly while endocrine acts slowly
- effects of nervous system are short term while endocrine effects are long term
what are hormones?
chemicals that are released by the glands into the bloodstream
what is another name for Adrenaline and Noradrenaline?
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
all you know about Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
- released from the ADRENAL gland
- increases heart rate
- fight or flight
- dilate airways to the lungs
- increase blood flow to the heart
- increase blood levels of glucose and fatty acids
all you know about Insulin and glucagon
- produced by the pancreas
- help regulate blood sugar concentration
what is the difference between insulin and glucagon?
insulin lower blood glucose levels while glucagon raises blood glucose levels
all you know about estrogen
- different name for oestrogen
- female sex hormone
- secreted by the ovaries
- promotes secondary sex characteristics (voice pitch, hair growth, breast development)
- lowers blood cholesterol
all you know about progesterone
- female sex hormone
- secreted by the ovaries
- menstrual cycle (inner lining of the uterus)
- pregnancy
difference and similarity between estrogen and progesterone
estrogen promotes breast development while progesterone doesnt
they are both female sex hormones that are secreted by the ovaries
all you know about testosterone
- male sex hormone
- secreted by the testes
- crucial for the development of sperm
- development and maintenance of male secondary characteristics (body hair, deeper voice)
- aids in muscle growth and repair
- helps in production of erythropoietin
what does erythropoietin do?
it ensures that the body has enough oxygen carrying red blood cells
what types of hormones are there?
steroid and non-steroid
what’s the difference between steroid and non-steroid hormones?
- steroid are fat-soluble while non-steroid are non fat-soluble
name the three main sources of information that increase or decrease hormone secretion and what they do
Neural - info from the nervous system
Humoral - info about changes in the chemistry of the blood
Hormonal - info about changes in other hormone levels
what do you know about the master gland
pituitary gland most important for maintaining homeostasis
hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland therefore it is the master gland
Releasr of growth hormone and oxytocin
endocrine glands use positive/negative feedback loops
negative
what is homeostasis?
process where the the body’s organ system, tissues and cells work to regulate the body’s internal environment
Aykat pineal gland
Release of melatonin
Aykat hypothalamus
Controls pituitary gland
Release of growth hormone
Control center
Aukat kidneys
Mineral levels
Release of erythropoetin
Aykat thyroid
Maintaining homeostasis temperature
Release of T3 and T4
Aykat adrenal gland
Cortisol
Adrenaline and noradrenaline
