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Salud > Segundo Parcial 2 Semestre > Flashcards

Segundo Parcial 2 Semestre Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the digestive system

A

Ingest food
Digest food into nutrients
Absorb nutrients
Eliminate indigestible remains

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2
Q

Types of digestion

A

Mechanical and chemical

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3
Q

Type of digestion in which large pieces of food become smaller pieces. It begins with the chewing of the food in the mouth and continues with the churning and mixing of food in the stomach

A

Mechanical digestion

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4
Q

Type of digestion in which enzymes break down macromolecules into small organic molecules so that they can be absorbed

A

Chemical digestion

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5
Q

Organs that conform the digestive system

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine

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6
Q

Accessory organs of the digestive system

A

Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder

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7
Q

It receives food and starts digestion of starch

A

Mouth

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8
Q

Passageways of the digestive system

A

Pharynx and esophagus

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9
Q

Organ that stores food, its acidity kills bacteria and starts digestion of proteins

A

Stomach

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10
Q

Organ in charge of the digestion of all food and absorption of nutrients

A

Small intestine

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11
Q

Organ in charge of the absorption of water and the storage of indigestible remains

A

Large intestine

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12
Q

Structures found on the mouth

A

Tongue
Soft and hard palate
Teeth

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13
Q

Swallowing occurs here

A

Pharynx

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14
Q

Rhythmic contraction in the esophagus that pushes the food to the stomach

A

Peristalsis

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15
Q

Organ that is about 6 meters long and is divided in three parts

A

Small intestine

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16
Q

Parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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17
Q

Organ that is divided in four parts and is also called colon

A

Large intestine

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18
Q

Parts of the large intestine

A

Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid

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19
Q

Accessory organ that secretes lipase and amylase (digestive enzymes)

A

Pancreas

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20
Q

Accessory organ that produces bile, stores glycogen, and performs drug detoxification

A

Liver

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21
Q

Accessory organ that stores bile until needed for digestion and is attached to the liver and duodenum

A

Gallbladder

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22
Q

Function of the respiratory system

A

To ensure that oxygen enters the body and carbon dioxide leaves it

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23
Q

With what other system does the respiratory system work along to accomplish respiration?

A

With the cardiovascular system

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24
Q

It is the path of air from the nose to the lungs. The air is cleansed, warmed, and moistened during this path.

A

Respiratory tract

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25
Q

Parts of the respiratory system

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree (bronchi and bronchioles), lungs, and alveoli

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26
Q

The respiratory tract divides in two parts which are:

A

Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract

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27
Q

Organs or structures contained in the upper respiratory tract

A

Nose, pharynx, glottis, larynx

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28
Q

Organs or structures located in the lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli

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29
Q

It contains two nasal cavities separated by a septum and cell receptors

A

Nose

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30
Q

It is a funnel-shaped passageway, connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx, commonly called “throat”, and food and air cross here.

A

Pharynx

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31
Q

Cartilaginous boxlike structure that serves as a passageway for air between the pharynx and the trachea. At the top of it is the glottis and the epiglottis. It’s called “voice box” because contains the vocal cords

A

Larynx

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32
Q

It is commonly called “windpipe” and is a tube connecting the larynx to the bronchi. Group of C-shaped cartilaginous rings and has a mucus layer with cilia that keeps the lungs clean

A

Trachea

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33
Q

Trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi leading to right and left lungs. The bronchi branch leads to secondary bronchi and at the end of the bronchioles. Each bronchiole ends in a space enclosed by air pockets called alveoli which make up the lungs

A

Bronchial tree

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34
Q

They are paired, cone-shaped organs that lie on both sides of the heart. They have lobes which are divided into lobules; each lobule has a bronchiole with many alveoli

A

Lungs

35
Q

Each alveolar sac is made up epithelial tissue and surrounded by blood capillaries. Gas exchange occurs between air and blood. Oxygen leaves the alveoli and carbon dioxide enters them

A

Alveoli

36
Q

Dome-shaped horizontal layer of muscle and connective tissue that forms the thoracic cavity

A

Diaphragm

37
Q

Gas exchange between air in the alveoli and pulmonary capillary blood. CO2 is transferred from blood to the lungs

A

External respiration

38
Q

Protein that transports oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

39
Q

Refers to the gas exchange between blood vessels and tissues. CO2 is passed from the tissues to the blood and oxygen from the blood to the tissues.

A

Internal respiration

40
Q

Is where digestion takes place. It is a tube which begins with the mouth and ends with the anus

A

Digestive tract

41
Q

Clump of cells in the wall of the right atrium that serves as the cardiac pacemaker

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

42
Q

Name of other node, apart from SA node, located in the heart

A

Atrioventricular (AV) node

43
Q

Liters of blood that an average adult has

A

4.5 liters

44
Q

Components of blood (4):

A

Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

45
Q

Component of blood that serves as the transport for blood cells and platelets. Contains dissolved nutrients, wastes, signaling molecules, and plasma proteins. It is 50 to 60 percent of total blood volume

A

Plasma

46
Q

Are the most numerous cells in blood (30 trillion). Their red color comes from hemoglobin

A

Red blood cells

47
Q

Cells that engulf and digest cellular debris such as aged red blood cells. They defend the body against viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens

A

White blood cells

48
Q

They are bits of cytoplasm wrapped in plasma membrane that play a roll in clotting and have no nucleus. Also called thrombocytes

A

Platelets

49
Q

Refers to the bulging of an artery with each ventricular contraction

A

Pulse

50
Q

Veins go TO THE HEART and arteries FROM THE HEART.

A

*note

51
Q

Pressure exerted by blood against the walls of the vessels that enclose it. It is higher in arteries.

A

Blood pressure

52
Q

Measurements of blood pressure

A

Systolic and diastolic pressure

53
Q

It is the highest pressure of a cardiac cycle. Occurs as the contracting ventricles force blood into the arteries

A

Systolic pressure

54
Q

It is the lowest blood pressure of a cardiac cycle. Occurs when the ventricles are fully relaxed

A

Diastolic pressure

55
Q

Unit for measuring blood pressure

A

mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)

56
Q

Organs that conform the urinary system

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Urethra
Urinary bladder

57
Q

They produce urine

A

Kidneys

58
Q

They transport the urine

A

Ureters

59
Q

It stores the urine

A

Urinary bladder

60
Q

It passes urine outside

A

Urethra

61
Q

Bean-shaped organs as large as an adult’s fist enclosed in a protective outer capsule of connective tissue

A

Kidneys

62
Q

The kidneys are composed of over one million of this:

A

Nephrons

63
Q

Name of the three processes by which nephrons clean blood and make urine

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

64
Q

Occurs when blood pressure forces water and solutes out through spaces between cells in the walls of the capillaries

A

Filtration

65
Q

By this process, water and essential solutes that left the blood return to it as the filtrate flows though tubules

A

Reabsorption

66
Q

Is what gives urine its yellow color

A

Degraded hemoglobin

67
Q

Process in which, as the filtrate flows through the tubule, unwanted solutes from the blood are moved into it

A

Tubular secretion or secretion

68
Q

Smallest-diameter blood vessels; site of exchanges of gases and other materials with tissues

A

Capillaries

69
Q

Blood vessels that connect a capillary to a vein

A

Venules

70
Q

Blood vessel that delvers blood from an artery to a capillary

A

Arteriole

71
Q

Large diameter vessel that carries blood without oxygen to the heart

A

Vein

72
Q

Large diameter blood vessel that carries blood with oxygen away from the heart

A

Artery

73
Q

Commonly caused by a virus, can resolve without treatment and is highly contagious

A

Common cold

74
Q

Component of blood that carries oxygen

A

Red blood cells

75
Q

Universal donor of blood

A

O

76
Q

Disease that involves a reversible obstruction of the airways, caused by inflammation. Most of the time triggered by an allergen

A

Asthma

77
Q

Infection of the lower respiratory tract

A

Pneumonia

78
Q

Disease that is caused by smoking and has 2 forms of presentation (bronchitis and emphysema). Is irreversible.

A

COPD (Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease)

79
Q

A plaque forms in the inside of the arteries and can obstruct the blood flow. It can be asymptomatic

A

Atherosclerosis

80
Q

Main feature of this disease is an intolerance to gluten

A

Celiac disease

81
Q

Disease where a bacteria gets inside the system and cause the following symptoms: abdominal pain, difficulty to urinate and painful urination

A

Urinary tract infection

82
Q

The main component of the urinary bladder is:

A

Muscle

83
Q

Disease also known as “myocardial infarction” that occurs when blood clots and blocks the arteries so the heart stops getting oxygen

A

Heart attack

84
Q

Disease in which the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine

A

Celiac disease

Salud (4 decks)

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