Sedimentary rocks magma chapter 6

Question 0

Lava

Answer 0

The melt once it reaches the earths surface during an eruption, pools around the vent.

Question 1

Volcano

Answer 1

A vent at which melt from inside the earth spews onto the planets surface. Called a volcanic eruption

Question 2

Igneous rock

Answer 2

Made by the freezing of a melt has formed. Make up all of the oceanic crust and much of the continental crust.

Question 3

Magma

Answer 3

Melt that exists to below the surface

Question 4

Intrusive igneous rock

Answer 4

Rock maybe by the freezing of magma underground, after it has pushed its way into preexisting Rock of the crust.

Question 5

Extrusive rock

Answer 5

Rock that forms by the freezing of lava above ground, after it spills out onto the surface of the earth and comes into contact with the atmosphere or ocean.

Question 6

Pyroclastic debris

Answer 6

From a when clots of lava fly into the air in lava fountains.

Question 7

Ash

Answer 7

The fine spray of lava instantly freezes to form fine particles of glass. Can billow up in the atmosphere and eventually drift down from the sky called ash fall

Question 8

Sedimentary rock

Answer 8

Firms at or near earths surface in several ways:

• cementing loose class or preexisting Rock
• cementing together loose shells and shell fragments
• accumulator ion of organic matter from living organisms
• precipitation of minerals dissolved in water

Question 9

Classes of sedimentary rock

Answer 9

• clastic- loose rock fragments (clasts) cemented together
• biochemical - cemented shells of organisms
• organic- carbon-rich remains of once living organisms
• chemical-minerals that crystallize directly from water

Question 10

Sedimentary rock distinct by composition

Answer 10

• Siliceous- Quartz-rich (most common)
• argilliaceous- clay rich (most common)
• carbonate-contain calcite or dolomite

Question 11

Detrital or clastic

Answer 11

Detritus (loose clasts)
Mineral grains
Rock fragments

Question 12

A clastic send rock created by

Answer 12

Weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, lithification

Question 13

Types of styles of sed rock grains

Answer 13

Angularity- the degree of edge or corner smoothness
Sphericity-degree to which a clast nears a sphere
Well-rounded– long transport distances
Angular–negligible transport
Sorting–the uniformity of grain size, well sorted all clasts have nearly the same grain size

Question 14

Breccia

Answer 14

Angular rock fragments-angularity indicates the absence of rounding by transport, deposited relatively close to clast source,

Question 15

Conglomerate

Answer 15

Rounded rock clasts
- clasts rounded as flowing water wears off corners and edges.
-deposited farther from the source than breccia.
Big rocks. Like by a river channel

Question 16

Arkose

Answer 16

Sand and gravel with abundant feldspar.
Alluvial fans
Feldspar indicate short transport and arid conditions.

Question 17

Sandstone

Answer 17

Clastic rock made of sand-sized particles.
Common in beach and dune settings
Quartz is by far the most common mineral in sandstones

Question 18

Fine clastic a

Answer 18

Silt sized sediments are lithified to form siltstone.
Clay sized particles form mudstones or shale.
Shale- breaks into thin platt sheets
Mudstone - doesn’t break into platt sheets

Question 19

Limestone

Answer 19

Often preserves fossil organism- calcite or aragonite

CaCO3

Question 20

Causes of melting

Answer 20

-decrease in pressure - decompression
P drops when rock is carried to shallower depths.
-addition of volatiles (flux melting)
-heat transfer melting

Question 21

Four major types f magma

Answer 21

Felsic ( most common continent )
Intermediate
Mafic
Ultramafic

Question 22

Partial melting

Answer 22

-rocks don’t melt completely
- si rich minerals melt first so poor melt last
- partial melting yield si rock magma
-

Question 23

Viscosity

Answer 23

The speed of magma flow

• lower viscosity eases movement
• lower viscosity is generated by higher t- lower SiO2 content
• higher volatile content
• Mafic- less viscosity hotter temp
• Felsic - high viscosity lower temp

Question 24

N.L. Bowen bowers reaction series

Answer 24

1920s
Discovered that minerals solidify in a specific series
-continuous
-discontinuous- minerals start and stop crystallizing - olivine- pyroxene- amphibole- biotite- Quartz

Question 25

Igneous environments

Answer 25

Extrusive rocks are Mafic - cool rapidly- chill to fastball grow big crystals -basalt -can flow long distances
Intrusive rocks are mostly Felsic - lose heat slowly- Crystal often grow large
-

Question 26

Plutonic activity

Answer 26

Plutons may amass into a batholiths

• immense volumes of intrusives
• form above subduction zones
• may add magma for tens of Ma
• batgirl this mark former subduction