SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Question 1

Formation

Answer 1

Loose grains resulted from weathering are eroded are deposited.
When sedimentation>erosion packets of sediment form
Layers consolidate by burial
Consolidated/unconsolidated both called sedimentary rocks
%75 of land surface

Question 2

Deposition

Answer 2

fluvial glacial, lacustrine, coastal, marine
Rivers: clay sand and gravel
Glaciers: till or boulder clay
Coast: sand deposited in the form of beaches
Marine deposits: clay, fine calcium carboonate muds, limestone (calcium carbonate or silica skeletons of dead sea organisms)

Question 3

Two groups

Answer 3

clastic sedimentary rocks and chemical

Question 4

Clastic sedimentary rocks

Answer 4

Accumulation of rock fragments of all sizes: clay and claystone, shale, gravel, conglomerate, sandstones

Two characteristics
Rounding: transport by WIND ->saltation ->. become round

Sorting: ensured by energy of wind and water-> more energy the larger the grains can be carried.
Sediments whose grains are the same size: well sorted

Question 5

Chemical sedimentary rocks

Answer 5

Formed by chemical process
- shellfish form skeletons from calcium from water
- shellfish form limestone (CaCO3) when accumulated (dead)
Lignite and coal
Unconsolidated sediments can become rock-> cementation

Question 6

Rock cementation

Answer 6

For unconsolidated sediments can become solid rocks: compounds of calcium iron or silicon dissolved in groundwater are precipitated in between the grains. Consolidate, become sedimentary rocks

Sealing cementation minerals:
silica,
calcite
iron dioxides

Question 7

Sorting

Answer 7

Consolidated/unconsolidated
Clastic/ chemical
Grain size

Question 8

Cementation colours

Answer 8

Iron oxides: give sandstones yellow or red colour
Calcium carbonate: light colour (limestones)
Silica: does not affect colour
Clay: dark gray
Calcite: light colour