Sedimentary Rocks Flashcards
explain the rock cycle
ge tama yan
pre existing rocks that are formed by water as sediments
Sedimentary Rocks
How are sedimentary rocks formed
Compression and Compaction
Types of Sedimentary Rocks and give examples for each
clastic - baka di m pa masagot 2
chemical - limestone, dolomite
organic rocks - coal, plant fossils
Explain diagenesis
go beh kaya mo yan
Classification of Sedimentary Rocks (3) give examples
Rudaceous Rocks - Conglomerate, breccia
Arenaceous Rocks - Sandstone
Argillaceous Rocks - Shale
particle size of sediments from least to greatest
clay
silt
sand
gravel
pebble
Coarse grain size
Medium grain size
Fine grain size
5 mm
1 - 5 mm
1 mm
The deposition of the sediments in to layer or beds are called?
Stratification
The thin bedding less than 1 cm in thickness are called? Found in very fine grained rocks.
Lamination
Each bed shows a gradation in grain size from coarse below to fine above.
Graded bedding
In this structure minor beds or laminations lie at an angle to the planes of the general stratification
Cross bedding or current bedding
Are produced by the action of waves and current in shallow water
Ripple Marks
What causes the landscape to be different?
Weathering
Erosion
Deposition
The chemical and physical processes that change the characteristics of rocks on the Earth’s surface.
Weathering
Occurs when rocks are broken in to smaller pieces without changing the chemical composition of the rock.
Physical Weathering
Examples of physical weathering (4)
Frost Wedging
Exfoliation
Abrasion
Biological Activity
The breakup of rock caused by the freezing and thawing of water.
Frost Wedging (action)
is the peeling away of large sheets of loosened materials at the surface of a rock.
Exfoliation
The physical wearing down of rocks as they rub or bounce against each other.
Abrasion
Is where the rock material is changed into another substance by reacting with a chemical.
Chemical Weathering
Types of Chemical Weathering (3)
Oxidation
Hydration
Carbonation
When water interacts chemically with minerals
Hydration
When oxygen interacts chemically with minerals
Oxidation
When carbon dioxide interacts chemically with minerals
Carbonation
A combination of particles of rocks, minerals, and organic matter produced through weathering processes.
Soil
refers to the transportation of rock, soil and mineral particles from one location to another.
Erosion
Main driving force behind all agents of erosion
Gravity
final step in the erosional- ______ system
deposition
As glaciers move over the land they acts as a “bulldozer” changing the view of the landscape
Glacial Deposition
Earth material is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is transported by the action of wind, water, or ice, and/or by the force of gravity
Depositional Environment
Deposited on land or in fresh water
Terrestrial/Continental
Deposited in an environment showing influence of both fresh water or air and marine water.
Transitional
Only influenced by sea water.
Marine
Processes associated with rivers and streams
Fluvial
Loose, unconsolidated soil or sediments
Alluvium
Desert areas cover about what percent of land surface
20-25%
The removal of loose, find-grained particles by the turbulent action of the wind
Deflation
The wearing down of surfaces by the grinding action by windborne particles
Abrasion
Are perpendicular to the prevailing wind and form a wave like pattern
Traverse
stretch parallel to the prevailing wind with rounded or pointed tops
Longitudinal dunes
A curved, arc shaped sand mound with horns facing downwind formed in arid regions
Barchans
These are U-shaped mounds that form in the reverse direction of a barchans.
Parabolic
These are most commonly found on beaches and are sandy depressions in a sand dune caused by the removal of sediments by wind
Blowout
The lightest material carried by the winds which form a so-called blanket covering the existing land
Loess
Desert alluvial fan, broad surface area, fine grained
Bajada
All of the sediment is transported together, with the ice, and it is deposited when the ice melts
Glacial
The area above the firn line
Zone of Accumulation
Zone of Ablation
area of a glacier or ice sheet below firn with a net loss in ice mass due to melting
separates the accumulation zone from the ablation zone
Firn line
type of snow that has been left over from past seasons
Firn
Cracks in glacier
Crevasses
glacier deposition making land features
Moraines
spoon shaped sediments deposits formed due to streams
Drumlin
long sinous deposition
Esker
small depression and cavity formed in bedrock due to glacier movement
Kettle
Half bowled shaped valley formed by glacial erosion
Cirques
Sharp long narrow ridges at mountain tops formed by glacial erosion
Arete
sharpest and elevated point of arete
Horn
When river/stream enters still/standing water body, sediments are deposited in triangle shape
Delta
A partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water
Estuary
A shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water
Lagoon
Very thin sediments formed by the slow accumulation of skeletons
Deep marine
