SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY

Question 1

COMPOSED OF GRAIN, MATRIX AND CEMENT

Answer 1

COMPONENTS OF (SILICI)CLASTICS

Question 2

<1.0MM GRAIN SIZE, MASSIVE, CRYSTALLINE.
>1.0MM GRAIN SIZE, SUTURED CONTACT, INTERLOCKING

Answer 2

MONOCRYSTALLINE QUARTZ-
POLYCRYSTALLINE QUARTZ-

Question 3

• ORIGINATING FROM IGN OR MET ROCKS
• CLAYS FORMED IN PLACE
• DETRITAL MINERALS WITH HIGH SP GRAV

Answer 3

INTRA/EXTRAFORMATIONAL CLASTS-
FELDSPARS-
HEAVY MINERALS-

Question 4

• BASED ON TEXTURE
  AND DIVIDES
  SANDSTONES IN TO
  TWO MAJOR
  GROUPS. THAT IS
  WHETHER
  SANDSTONES ARE
  COMPOSED OF ONLY
  GRAINS OR WITH
  MATRIX.- ONLY CONCERNED
  WITH MINERALOGY
  AND
  PRESENCE/ABSENCE
  OF MATRIX AND NOT
  WITH THE
  DEPOSITIONAL
  ENVIRONMENT

Answer 4

PETTIJOHN
CLASSIFICATION

Question 5

A TEXTURAL DESIGNATION. DENOTING A SITUATION WHERE A
SMALL CRYSTALS OF CALCIUM CARBONATE ARE IRREGULARLY SCATTERED WITHOUT COMMON
ORIENTATION, IN A LARGER CRYSTAL OF ANOTHER MINERAL.

Answer 5

POIKILOTOPIC
CRYSTALS-

Question 6

IN MANY LIMESTONES, TWO DISTINCT GENERATIONS CAN BE
DISTINGUISHED. THE CEMENT THAT OCCUPIES THE MAJORITY OF THE ORIGINAL PORE SPACE IS
CLEAR, EQUANT CALCITE, REFERRED TO AS SPARITE, DRUSY SPARITE OR ORTHOSPARITE

Answer 6

DRUSY
CALCITE SPAR

Question 7

MPLIES THE FORMATION OF A MINERAL
DURING OR AFTER DEPOSITION
* CLAYS
* MOST COMMON AUTHIGENIC CLAYS:
ILLITE, KAOLINITE
* POSITIVE EFFECT: IF FORMED FIRST, IT
PREVENTS THE FORMATION OF QUARTZ
CEMENT

Answer 7

AUTHIGENESIS

Question 8

THREE TYPES OF PORE COMMUNICATION
WITHIN
CLASTICS

Answer 8

CATENARY POROSITY- PORES
COMMUNICATION VIA 2 PORE THROATS
(EFFECTIVE POROSITY)
CUL-DE-SAC POROSITY- COMMUNICATES
VIA 1 THROAT (EFFECTIVE POROSITY)
* CLOSED COMMUNICATION

Question 9

TWO TYPES OF
LIMESTONE

Answer 9

CALCITE
* DOLOMITE

Question 10

COMPONENTS OF LIMESTONES

Answer 10

• OOIDS
• COATED GRAINS
• PELOIDS
• INTRACLASTS
• MICRITE ENVELOPES
• STROMATOLITES
• ONCOLITES

Question 11

THREE SYSTEMS

Answer 11

• GRAIN SIZE
• COMPOSITION
• TEXTURE