QUIZ QUESTIONS

Question 1

1. What is the primary focus of stratigraphy?

Answer 1

The study of the temporal and spatial relationship between bodies of
sedimentary rocks

Question 2

2. Which method determines the precise age of rock units using the
   rate of decay of naturally occurring radioactive elements?

Answer 2

Absolute dating

Question 3

3. Which principle states that in an undeformed sequence of
   sedimentary rocks, the oldest rocks are at the bottom?

Answer 3

Law of Superposition

Question 4

4. What does the principle of faunal succession imply?

Answer 4

Fossil organisms succeed one another in a definite and recognizable
order

Question 5

What is the ultimate aim of chronostratigraphy?

Answer 5

To arrange the sequence and time of deposition of all rocks within a
geological region

Question 6

6. What type of fossils are commonly used in biostratigraphy in the
   petroleum industry?

Answer 6

Microfossils, nanofossils, and palynomorphs

Question 7

7. Which stratigraphic method relies on the correlation of rocks of the
   same characteristics?

Answer 7

Lithostratigraphy

Question 8

8. What is the study of seismic data for extracting stratigraphic
   information called?

Answer 8

Seismic stratigraphy

Question 9

9. Which event results in the shoreline moving toward higher ground
   and flooding occurring?

Answer 9

Transgression

Question 10

10. What does a marine regression indicate in terms of sea level and
    facies zones?

Answer 10

Sea level is falling, seaward shift of facies zones

Question 11

11. What is the primary requirement for the preservation of organic
    matter in source rocks?

Answer 11

Anoxic conditions

Question 12

12. Which type of kerogen is most oil-prone and has the highest
    hydrogen to carbon ratio?

Answer 12

Liptinite (Type 1)

Question 13

13. Kerogen Type 2-S is characterized by high levels of which
    element?

Answer 13

Sulfur

Question 14

14. Which type of organic matter is composed of compounds that are
    soluble in organic solvents?

Answer 14

Bitumen

Question 15

15. What is the primary source of lipids that contribute to hydrocarbon
    generation?

Answer 15

Chlorophyll

Question 16

16. Which depositional environment is associated with high organic
    matter productivity?

Answer 16

Continental margins

Question 17

17. What is the major characteristic of inertinite (Type 4) kerogen?

Answer 17

High carbon content and non-fluorescing

Question 18

18. Which type of kerogen is primarily derived from higher plant
    debris?

Answer 18

Vitrinite (Type 3)

Question 19

19. Which organic component is the most abundant on Earth?

Answer 19

Kerogen

Question 20

20. Type 2 kerogen is derived from which sources?

Answer 20

Membranous plant debris and marine microorganisms

Question 21

What are the four (4) important lithologic attributes of a seal?

Answer 21

• Small pore sizes
• High ductility
• Large thickness
• Wide lateral extent

Question 22

2. What are the five (5) types of seal? (5 points)

Answer 22

• Membrane seal
• Hydraulic seal
• Fault seal
• Trap fill
• Pressure seal

Question 23

3. What are the four (4) intrinsic properties of a reservoir rock?

Answer 23

• Net to gross
• Porosity
• Permeability
• Hydrocarbon saturation

Question 24

4. What are the three (3) major types of traps?

Answer 24

• Structural Traps
• Stratigraphic Traps
• Hydraulic Traps