Sedatives Flashcards
The main steps in anaesthetic protocols are…
Premedication
Induction
Maintenance
Recovery
Premedication types include…
Sedatives, anxiolytics, neuroleptics and analgesics
What are 3 examples of sedatives used in surgery?
Phenothiazines
Alpha-2 agonists
Benzodiazepines
What is an example of a phenothiazine?
Chlorpromazine
What does chlorpromazine do?
Its a neuroleptic and sedative
Reduces fear, response to stimuli
Increases muscle relaxation
How does chlorpromazine work?
It blocks dopamine receptors in the brain -> sedation
What is a dangerous side effect of chlorpromazine?
Potential A1 adrenoceptor blockage (vasodilator)
What is dexmedetomidine?
A sedative alpha-2 agonist
What does dexmedetomidine do?
Its a sedative with analgesia and muscle relaxant properties
How does dexmedetomidine work?
It’s a selective alpha 2 agonist, it opens potassium channels inhibiting depolarization
By depolarizing CNS neurons, dexmedetomidine causes
sedation analgesia hypotension and relaxation
If administered rapidly, dexmedetomidine may cause
hypertension
Dexmedetomidine may also cause
hypotension or bradychardia
Why are benzodiazepines so safe?
They have little impact on cardiac output or respiration when dosed properly
What drug reverses the effects of benzos?
flumazenil
