Opioids Flashcards

1
Q

What are opioids used for?

A

Analgesia

Sedation

Cough Suppression

Treatment of Diarrhea

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2
Q

What are the 3 main analgesia opioid receptors?

A

MU (MOR)

Delta (DOR)

Kappa (KOR)

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action for opioids?

A

Presynaptically: Inhibits the opening of Calcium channels

Post-synaptically: Opens potassium channels

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4
Q

MOR stimulation causes…

A

Intense analgesic effect

respiratory depression

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5
Q

DOR stimulation causes…

A

Similar analgesic to MOR

slightly less respiratory depression

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6
Q

KOR stimulation causes…

A

moderate analgesia effect

little respiratory depression

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7
Q

What is sigma R?

A

An opioid receptor not involved in analgesia

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8
Q

What does sigma R stimulation cause?

A

Dysphoria

Respiratory stimulation

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9
Q

Opioids can stimulate opioid receptors either _____ or _____

A

maximally or weakly

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10
Q

Some opioids may be agonists at some receptors and ____ at other receptors

A

antagonists

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11
Q

Fentanyl is a ____ while pentazocine is a _____

A

fentanyl is a full MU agonist while pentazocine is a full Kappa agonist and partial Mu agonist

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12
Q

Due to their different receptor affinity, fentanyl and pentazocine are

A

receptor competitors (pentazocine can antagonize fentanyl)

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13
Q

Opioids have a high ____ effect

A

first-pass

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14
Q

What are the physiological effects of full MU agonists like MORPHINE?

A

CNS: analgesia and sedation

Cardiovascular: not much

Respiratory: dose-dependent depression

GI: Constipation, Nausea

Urinary: Urgency but difficulty pissing

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15
Q

Full MU agonists like morphine and fentanyl are used to treat…

A

moderate to severe pain

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16
Q

Kappa agonists are used to treat…

A

mild to moderate pain

17
Q

Codine can be used as an…

A

antitussive (anti-cough)

18
Q

Fentanyl is ____X stronger at killing pain than morphine

A

100x

19
Q

fentanyl is usually given in the form of..

A

a skin patch

20
Q

What are some opioids used to immobilize animals?

A

Carfentanyl and etorphine

21
Q

Carfentanyl is _____x stronger than morphine

A

10,000x stronger

22
Q

Etorphine is _____x stronger than morphine

A

1000x stronger

23
Q

When restraining wildlife with carfentanyl or etorphone…

A

A license is required

A second person MUST be present with a naloxone syringe

24
Q

Some opioids are prescribed for their constipating effect including

A

Loperamide and Diphenoxylate

25
Q

Both loperamide and diphenoxylate ___ which helps with diarrhea

A

Reduce propulsive gut motility and contract anal sphincter