Sedative/Hypnotics Flashcards
What is the difference of the MOA between benzodiazepines and barbiturates?
Barbiturates increase duration of Cl- channel opening, Benzodiazepine increase frequency of opening.
What is the MOA and use of Flumazenil?
Competitive antagonist at benzo binding site on GABAaR
For reversal of benzo OD
What Rx melatonin receptor agonist can be used for sleep onset?
Ramelteon
What are the non-benzo hypnotics that can be used for sleep disorders?
Zolpidem, Zaleplon, esZopiclone (ZZZ for sleep)
What drug used for GAD would be the best choice for patients with hx of addiction?
Buspirone (least addiction potential)
What benzos are an effective first-line tx for acute anxiety attacks?
Alprazolam and Diazepam- Very fast onset
What benzodiazepines would be the best choice for a patient with hepatic insufficiency?
Oxazepam and Lorazepam (Outside Liver)
What drugs can be used to manage acute methanol poisoning?
Ethanol and Fomepizole
What is the best sleep aid for difficulty staying asleep, or waking up in the middle of the night?
Eszopiclone (6 hour half life)
What is the MOA of disulfarim?
Blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase–> prevents conversion of acetaldehyde to acetic acid
What is the MOA of Fomepizole?
Blocks alcohol dehydrogenase. Prevents conversion of methanol–>formaldehyde and glycoaldehyde–> glycolic acid
What CNS depressant is commonly used for pre-operative anxiety release that is neither a benzo or a barb?
Meprobamate
What drug is approved for treatment of both alcohol and opiate dependence?
Naltrexone (mu receptor antagonist)
What characteristic organs are damaged by ethylene glycol and methanol, respectively?
Ethylene glycol- Nephrotoxicity
Methanol- Ocular damage
What drug can be added to Disulfiram or naltrexone to reduce relapse rates in alcohol dependence?
Acamprosate
