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Pharm Neuro > SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS > Flashcards

SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS Flashcards

1
Q

main reason for being prescribed a sedative hypnotic

A

**insomnia

anxiety

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2
Q

what is the clinical definition of insomnia

A

difficulty sleeping or staying asleep for 3 weeks-month
or
takes longer than 30 min to fall asleep

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3
Q

the drug of choice for short term insomnia

A

benzodiazepines

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4
Q

prototype benzodiazepines

A

lorazepam (ativan)

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5
Q

if a drug ends in pam it is a

A

benzodiazepine

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6
Q

are benzodiazepines given long term, yes or no

A

no - 3 weeks to a month max.

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7
Q

benzodiazepines are given short term, why?

A

CNS depressant (respiratory)
highly addictive
increased tolerance

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8
Q

most addictive benzo

A

Xanax

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9
Q

why is Xanax the most addictive

A

works quickly

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10
Q

5 benzos, what are they

A 
ativan
xanax
valium
klonopin
restoril
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11
Q

how can benzos be taken

A

PO, IV, IM

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12
Q

small dose benzos are given to treat

A

anxiety

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13
Q

larger dosed benzos are given to treat

A

insomnia

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14
Q

therapeutic uses for benzos

A

muscle spasms
seizure disorders
alcohol withdrawal

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15
Q

why are benzos given for seizures

A

decreases electrical impulses in the brain, provides rest/relaxation

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16
Q

MOA of benzos

A

binds to GABA receptors in brain - rest/relaxation
amplifies/intensifies GABA effect
cross blood-brain barrier

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17
Q

when benzos are taken with alcohol what can happen

A

respiratory depression - hypo-tension -bradycardia

18
Q

will on benzos you are considered a fall risk, t or f

A

true

19
Q

s/e of benzos

A 
decreased coordination
behavioral changes
respiratory depression
cognitive impairment
teratogenic
elderly considerations (effects x10, effects last longer)
20
Q

abuse potential for benzos can be seen after

A

10 doses

21
Q

why is there an abuse potential with benzos

A 
reducing anxiety (calming aura)
intensifying effects of GABA
22
Q

*withdrawal symptoms of benzos

A

seizures - prolonged/life threatening

23
Q

drug interactions with benzos

A

alcohol, opiods, barbiturates

tagamet interaction

24
Q

***overdose on benzo s/s

A

lethargy
confusion
cardio/resp depression

25
Q

***reversal for suspected iv benzo overdose

A

***romazicon (iv push) - repeated until drug clears system

26
Q

**reversal for suspected PO benzo overdose

A

**emetic - gastric lavage

27
Q

barbiturates are given via these routes

A

PO - IM- IV

28
Q

barbiturates are given for

A

prevent seizures - medically induced coma

OR as part of anesthesia

29
Q

what are barbiturates

A

powerful CNS depressant

mimics GABA

30
Q

overdose is common w/barbiturates, t or f

A

true

31
Q

benzos are safer than barbiturates, t or f

A

true

32
Q

why are benzos safer than barbiturates

A

increased tolerance

very strong effect on GABA

33
Q

s/e of barbiturates

A

hyper-sensitivity to pain
respiratory depressant (lethal)
less response to pain mgmt w/opiods

34
Q

reversal for suspected/confirmed barbiturate overdose

A

none - supportive care (warming blanket, oxygen)

35
Q

most common benzo-diazepine like drug

A

ambien

36
Q

benzo-diazepine like drug route of administration

A

PO

37
Q

MOA for ambien

A

intensifies effect of GABA but only works on 1 type of receptor
induces sleep

38
Q

is ambien ever prescribed for anxiety

A

no - induces sleep - hypnotic effect

39
Q

s/e of ambien

A

sleep walking

no recollection

40
Q

most common OTC med for insomnia

A

antihistamines: benadryl - diphenhydramine

melatonin

41
Q

with insomnia there is always an underlying cause t or f

A

true

Pharm Neuro (5 decks)

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