Anesthesia Flashcards
4 types of anesthesia
general
local
regional
MAC - monitored anesthesia care (sedation)
3 types of MAC (sedation)
minimal sedation
moderate sedation (conscious sedation)
deep sedation
which type of MAC has the high risk of losing airway
Deep sedation
what area of the hospital is deep sedation commonly found
ER
how is local and regional anesthesia given
injected or topical
LOC w/general anesthesia
unconscious
What area of the body is effected by local anesthesia
stitches to entire limb
during moderate sedation pt maintain own airway t or f
true
when is an epidural given
post op pain or surgery
where/how does epidural work
injected in epidural space - absorbed by nerve roots
where/how does spinal work
injected in CSF - blocks larger area - directly to spinal nerve roots
2 major groups of anesthetics
ester type
amide type
which type of anesthetic is more likely to have allergic response
ester type
which anesthetic type lasts longer
amide type
what does epinephrine do w/anesthetics
prolong effect of local anesthetics
where should epinephrine not be used
where circulation is not optimal
ester type local anesthetic should not be used with
epinephrine (vasoconstriction)
MOA of local anesthetics
blocks sodium channels
ester anesthetic prototype
procaine (Novocaine)
most commonly used local anesthetic - AMIDE(injectable)
lidocaine (xylocaine)
lidocaine with epinephrine is used to
decrease bleeding
adverse effects of local anesthetics
seizures
purpose of general anesthesia
blocks pain relieves anxiety - paralyzes muscle hypnosis amnesia loss of reflexes (fight or flight)
2 types of general anesthesia
inhaled or IV
what is balanced anesthesia
many drugs for desired outcome - min. s/e
IV anesthesia
ketamine
proprofol
benzos
when are short acting barbiturates used
ECT’s
s/e of short acting barbiturates
likely to have seizures
2 types of benzodiazepines
Valium and versed
do benzo rapidly leave body
no - takes a while to leave system
s/e of propofol
respiratory depression
most widely used anesthetic
propofol
what type of anesthesia is seen with ketamine
dissociative - eye open/brain disconnects
inhaled agents leaved the body by
being breathed out
most commonly used drug in dental office
nitrous oxide - gas
is nitrous oxide ever used as a primary anesthetic
no
npo guidelines before surgery
adults - no solids 6-8 hrs - no clears 2-3hrs
children - no solids 6hrs - no clears 2-3hrs
adjunctive agents
post op meds
analgesics (IV acetaminophen)
anti-emetics (zofran)
muscarinic agonists
