Sedative Agents Flashcards
0
Q
Triazolam side effects:
A
- Rebound insomnia & REM rebound can occur in single night
- Anterograde amnesia
- Tolerance develops
1
Q
Triazolam
A
- Ultra short half-life Benzo
- No residual anti-anxiety effect
- Very low incidence of daytime drowsiness
2
Q
Flurazepam
A
- Long acting Benzo
- Residual anti anxiety effect
- May interfere with day time wakefulness
- More effective night 2
3
Q
Flurazepam side effects:
A
- Tolerance slow to develop on chronic use
- REM rebound & rebound insomnia NOT likely to occur due to active metabolites
- Suppresses both delta (N3) & REM sleep time (returns with chronic use)
4
Q
Zolpidem
A
-Non-Benzo Benzo receptor agonist
-Ultra short acting
Half life prolonged in elderly & chronic hepatic insufficiency
5
Q
Zolpidem Mechanism of Action:
A
- Acts only at Benzo binding site on the alpha-1 subunit of GABA-A receptor
- lower doses for women by half (slow metabolizes)
- Only effects hypnosis & amnesia
6
Q
Zolpidem side effects:
A
- Drowsiness, drugged feeling, dizziness
- Somnambulism, sleep eating/walking
- Does not suppress REM sleep or N3
7
Q
Ramelteon
A
- Melatonin receptor agonists
- Agonist at M1 & M2 receptor
8
Q
Ramelteon Effects:
A
- Fast acting
- Role in initiating sleep
- No rebound insomnia or withdrawal effects
- Dizzy, somnolence, fatigue
9
Q
Secobarbital
A
- Barbituate
- 2nd/3rd line drugs for insomnia
- Develop tolerance to hypnotic effects but not to toxic effects
- Narrow therapeutic window
- High incidence of dependence
10
Q
Effects of hypnotics on sleep:
A
- Decrease sleep latency (time required for onset of sleep)
- Lengthen average duration of sleep
- Decrease awake time after sleep
- Decrease # of awakenings
- Decrease N3 & REM
- Increase N2
