Security, Privacy and Data Integrity

Question 1

What is data security?

Answer 1

Ensuring data is protected against loss and unauthorized access.

Question 2

What is data integrity?

Answer 2

Making sure that data is valid and not corrupted after transmission.

Question 3

What is data privacy?

Answer 3

Ability to determine what data is shared with third parties.

Question 4

How does data security differ from system security?

Answer 4

Data security protects data on a system; system security protects the computer system itself.

Question 5

Give an example of a data security measure.

Answer 5

Encryption.

Question 6

Give an example of a system security measure.

Answer 6

User ID and Password.

Question 7

What is malware?

Answer 7

Software intentionally designed to damage a computer or network.

Question 8

What is a computer virus?

Answer 8

Self-replicating software that may crash or corrupt a computer.

Question 9

What is spyware?

Answer 9

Software that gathers user information without their knowledge.

Question 10

How can you protect against malware?

Answer 10

Install and regularly update anti-virus and anti-spyware software.

Question 11

What is hacking?

Answer 11

Illegal access to a computer system to steal or corrupt data.

Question 12

How can you protect against hacking?

Answer 12

Use strong passwords and firewalls.

Question 13

What is phishing?

Answer 13

Email scam to obtain personal data

Question 14

How can you protect against phishing?

Answer 14

Ignore suspicious emails and use SPAM filters and firewalls.

Question 15

What is pharming?

Answer 15

Redirecting users to fake websites to steal their data.

Question 16

How can you protect against pharming?

Answer 16

Use reliable ISPs

Question 17

What are user accounts and passwords used for?

Answer 17

To deny access to unauthorized users and manage user privileges.

Question 18

What is a firewall?

Answer 18

Hardware or software that filters information between a computer and the internet.

Question 19

How do software firewalls work?

Answer 19

They make decisions about what to allow or block based on software behavior.

Question 20

What is authentication?

Answer 20

Process of verifying user identity using passwords

Question 21

What does antivirus software do?

Answer 21

Detects and removes viruses by checking files for known malicious patterns.

Question 22

What does antispyware software do?

Answer 22

Detects and removes spyware from the system.

Question 23

What is encryption?

Answer 23

Converts data into unreadable code to prevent unauthorized access.

Question 24

What is the purpose of decryption software?

Answer 24

To decode encrypted data back into readable form.

Question 25

What are access rights (authorization)?

Answer 25

Assigning different levels of data access to different users to increase security.

Question 26

What is data backup?

Answer 26

Creating an exact copy of data in case the original is lost or corrupted.

Question 27

What is disk mirroring?

Answer 27

A real-time strategy that writes data to two or more disks simultaneously.

Question 28

How does disk mirroring help data security?

Answer 28

If one disk fails

Question 29

How does data validation protect data integrity?

Answer 29

Checks if entered data is valid and in correct format.

Question 30

How does data verification protect data integrity?

Answer 30

Ensures entered or transferred data is accurate.

Question 31

What is a range check?

Answer 31

Ensures data is between set minimum and maximum values.

Question 32

What is a format check?

Answer 32

Ensures data follows the correct pattern or order.

Question 33

What is a length check?

Answer 33

Ensures data has the correct number of characters.

Question 34

What is a presence check?

Answer 34

Checks if required data has been entered.

Question 35

What is an existence check?

Answer 35

Verifies that entered data actually exists.

Question 36

What is a limit check?

Answer 36

Ensures a value is within acceptable min and max values (not both).

Question 37

What is a check digit?

Answer 37

A digit resulting from an operation on other digits to verify accuracy.

Question 38

What is a visual check in verification?

Answer 38

Manual comparison of original data with entered data.

Question 39

What is double entry in verification?

Answer 39

Entering data twice and comparing both entries for accuracy.

Question 40

Why is data verification important during data transfer?

Answer 40

To ensure data is not corrupted during movement.

Question 41

What is a parity check?

Answer 41

Checks that the number of 1s in a byte is odd or even as agreed.

Question 42

What happens if a parity check fails?

Answer 42

The receiving device requests data to be resent.

Question 43

What is a limitation of parity checks?

Answer 43

They cannot detect errors if two bits are swapped.

Question 44

What is a checksum check?

Answer 44

Sum of all bytes sent; compared before and after transmission to detect errors.

Question 45

How does checksum check help with data integrity?

Answer 45

If the checksum before and after sending differs