Secular Power Flashcards
What were the three orders
those who work
those who pray
those who fight
How was agricultural society set up?
unfree peasant - serf:
legally tied to land, not permitted to leave, status transmitted by blood, legally owned by their lord, owed service to their lord
free peasant - Freeman:
hold land tenure on agreement, status also transmitted by blood, legally free to move, need to work, hold it through agreement with their lord, owed rent/produce to their lord.
Susan Reynolds on the feudal system:
rejects public perception of feudalism being both a hierarchal and oppressive system, viewing this as an oversimplification of the nuances
states it is a complex state of alliances
What did the Norman conquest of England lead to?
led to the establishment of a centralised monarchy under William the conqueror, who asserted royal authority over feudal lords
Why did medieval rulers establish legal and administrative institutions?
to centralise power and consolidate authority under their rule.
Vaughn on the investiture controversy:
st Anselm’s efforts to secure the rights and privileges of the Canterbury primary from the pope were part of a larger political and ecclesiastical struggle for authority and influence
Primary source (set of legislative procedures) and who were they passed by explain please:
the constitutions of Clarendon 1164 Henry II of England
16 articles - represent an attempt to restrict ecclesiastical privileges and curb the power of the church courts and the extent of papal authority in England
What did Thomas Becket say in a letter to Henry II
makes it clear that as a member of the clergy he is above the king and stands to correct him, as the church and God consists of two orders - “clergy and people”
How does Dictatus Papae highlight secular power?
underlines the insecurity of the papacy, need to reinstate authority - rise in secular power, secular powers had great power and control through religious teachings however heresy and sins were common amongst society and almost impossible to control.
