Section One - Rivers

Question 0

What is infiltration?

Answer 0

When water is soaked into soil.

Question 1

What is the hydrological cycle?

Answer 1

It’s the movement of water, it shows how water moves around in flows, storages and outputs.

Question 2

What is percolation?

Answer 2

When water moves vertically through soil and rock.

Question 3

What is through flow?

Answer 3

When water in soil flows downhill.

Question 4

What is groundwater flow?

Answer 4

When water in rock flows downhill.

Question 5

What is surface run off?

Answer 5

When water flows overground.

Question 6

What is channel flow?

Answer 6

When water flows in a river.

Question 7

Name the 6 flows.

Answer 7

Percolation
Infiltration
Through flow
Groundwater flow 
Surface run off
Channel flow

Question 8

What is channel storage?

Answer 8

When water is held in a river.

Question 9

What is groundwater storage?

Answer 9

When water is stored underground.

Question 10

What is interception?

Answer 10

When water lands on plants leaves ect.

Question 11

What is surface storage?

Answer 11

When water is held in lakes.

Question 12

Name the 4 storages.

Answer 12

Groundwater storage
Interception
Surface storage
Channel storage

Question 13

What is a drainage basin?

Answer 13

An area that is drained by a river. These are split up by watersheds.

Question 14

Name an input of a drainage basin.

Answer 14

Precipitation.

Question 15

Name 3 outputs of a drainage basin.

Answer 15

Evaporation
Transpiration
River flow into the sea.

Question 16

What’s a tributary?

Answer 16

A small river.

Question 17

What’s a source?

Answer 17

Where the river starts.

Question 18

What’s a confluence?

Answer 18

Where 2 rivers meet.

Question 19

What’s a mouth?

Answer 19

Where the river meets the sea or lake.

Question 20

What’s mechanical weather and give an example?

Answer 20

When rock is broken down without changing the chemical composition. An example is freeze thaw weathering.

Question 21

What is chemical weathering and give an example?

Answer 21

When rock is broken down by changing it’s chemical composition. An example is carbonation weathering.

Question 22

What does a rivers long profile show?

Answer 22

The gradient of the river at different points, the rivers course as the source and mouth of a river.

Question 23

What’s the cross profile of a river show?

Answer 23

The width and depth of the over and the land around it (valley sides).

Question 24

Name the 4 processes of erosion.

Answer 24

Hydraulic Action
Corrasion
Attrition
Corrosion

Question 25

What is attrition?

Answer 25

When rocks smash into each other.

Question 26

What’s corrosion?

Answer 26

When the river dissolves some types of rock e.g chalk and limestone.

Question 27

What’s corrasion?

Answer 27

Eroded rocks are picked up and rub against the channel.

Question 28

What’s hydraulic force?

Answer 28

Force of the water breaks away rock particles.

Question 29

Name the 4 types of movement.

Answer 29

Traction
Solution
Suspension
Saltation

Question 30

When does a river deposit material?

Answer 30

The volume of river falls
Amount of eroded material increases
Water is shallower
River reaches it’s mouth

Question 31

Name 4 river landforms.

Answer 31

Meanders
Ox bow lakes
Waterfalls
Interlocking spurs 
Flood plains
Levees
Deltas

Question 32

What do contour lines show?

Answer 32

The gradient of the land.

Question 33

Name 4 factors that increase discharge?

Answer 33

Steep slopes
High rainfall
Intense rainfall
Impermeable rock
Less vegatation

Question 34

Name 4 factors that decrease discharge?

Answer 34

Low rainfall
Light rainfall
Permeable rock
Previously dry conditions
Gentle slopes
More vegatation

Question 35

Name 3 physical factors that cause floods.

Answer 35

Snowmelt
Heavy rainfall
Prolonged rainfall
Relief (height of land changes)

Question 36

Name 2 human factors that cause flooding.

Answer 36

Deforestation

Urbanisation