Section G Flashcards
Premack Principle
- A strategy that uses behavior as SR
- Hi-P request sequence
AKA: Relativity Theory of SR; Grandma’s Law
Premack Principle AKAs
- Relativity Theory of SR
- Grandma’s Law
Response Deprivation Hypothesis (RDH)
Takes Premack to the next level
- Restricts the behavior to create an EO, making the behavior a powerful SR
Antecedent Interventions
- Implemented prior to and NOT contingent on behavior
AKA: Antecedent Procedures; Antecedent Control; Antecedent Manipulation
Antecedent Intervention AKAs
- Antecedent Procedure
- Antecedent Control
- Antecedent Manipulation
Antecedent Intervention (Methods)
- Manipulating MOs
- Decreasing required response effort
- Teaching alternative behaviors
- Using differential consequences
- Limiting opportunities to emit the challenging behavior
- Increasing opportunities to emit the desired behavior
Types of Antecedent Interventions
- Contingency-Dependent
- Contingency-Independent
Contingency-Dependent Antecedent Interventions
- SDs (Stimulus Control)
- Differential consequences for correct/ alternative behaviors vs challenging behaviors
Contingency-Independent Antecedent Interventions
- Intervention bases on MOs
- Interventions that do not depend on consequences for target or alternative behaviors
- EO/AO manipulations create evocative and abative effect on behavior
3 Antecedent Interventions
- NCR
- High-P Instructional Sequence
- FCT
Noncontingent Reinforcement (NCR) (Definitions)
An Antecedent Intervention
- Clients are reinforced on a time-based schedule independent of the target behavior
- Reinforcers that maintain challenging behavior are delivered on a fixed or variable time schedule creating an AO for that behavior
- Must know the function to determine whether to use positive, negative, or automatic SR
NCR (Uses)
For decreasing challenging behavior proactively in a non-aversive manner
- NCR SR+ = Time-based access to attention or tangible
- NCR SR- = Time-based escape from demands
- NCR Auto = Time-based access to sensory feedback
NCR (Pros)
- Easy to implement because you don’t have to monitor all the time
- Creates a positive learning environment
- Can be used in treatment packages
- Unintended pairing of desired behavior and the NCR reinforcers may strengthen and maintain those desirable behaviors
– NCR + EXT - Effective for reducing EXT induced burst
– NCR+ DRO - Can decrease the chance that challenging behavior will contact SR
NCR (Cons)
- Decreased motivation to engage in appropriate behavior because of free access to NCR stimuli
- Unintended pairings of challenging behavior and the reinforcers may reinforce challenging behavior
- Doesn’t teach new behaviors
- Can be distracting in the instructional setting
What’s the difference between FT/VT and FI/VI?
FT/VT schedules are NCR
vs
FI/VI schedules are dependent on the passage of time AND the correct behavior
High-Probability Instructional Sequence
An Antecedent Intervention
- Used to increase compliance and reduce escape-maintained behaviors
- Has an abative effect on low probability / compliance behaviors due to SR being given to hi-p responses
- Has a differential SR effect: The low probability / compliance is placed on extinction and compliance is differentially reinforced
AKA: High-P; High-Probability Request Sequence; Interspersed Request; Pre-Task Requests; Behavioral Momentum
High-Probability Instructional Sequence AKAs
- High-P
- High-Probability Request Sequence
- Interspersed Request
- Pre-Task Requests
- Behavioral Momentum
Functional Communication Training (FCT)
An Antecedent Intervention
- Carr and Durand
- Trains clients to use communicative behavior to replace challenging behavior evoked by MOs
- DRA: Must be functionally equivalent to the challenging behavior
Conditioned Reinforcers Considerations
- They allow us flexibility to appeal to more than one client at a time
- Important to consider what natural SR will look like
- Must be assessed and used in every program that aims to increase desired behaviors or replace challenging behavior
Prompts
- Additional antecedent stimuli added to help evoke the correct response
- Used prior and during response
- Should be faded as quickly as possible
Prompt Dependence
Failure to transfer control of the behavior to the SD from the prompt
2 Types of Prompts
- Response Prompts
- Stimulus Prompts
Response Prompts
- Operate on the client’s behavior to hint towards the correct response
- Do not change the task or stimuli
3 Types: Verbal, Model, Physical
Verbal Instructions
Response Prompt
- Vocal and non-vocal (written, spoken, pictures, etc.)
- Useful in all learning contexts