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BEH 0003 > Section A > Flashcards

Section A Flashcards

1
Q

What is the science Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)? (Definition & Focus)

A

Evidence-based applied science that uses learning principles to improve socially important behavior

  • Focuses on assessing environmental influences, assessment-based interventions, and data-based decision-making
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2
Q

What is science?

A

A systematic organized approach to understanding natural phenomenon through collecting knowledge and understanding

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3
Q

Purposes of science

A

To find the and understand the universal Truths on 3 scientific levels (DPC), which are independent of any group’s beliefs/opinions

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4
Q

The purpose of the science of ABA is:

A

To understand socially significant behaviors that we aim to change

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5
Q

The 3 levels of scientific understanding are:

A
  1. Description
  2. Prediction
  3. Control
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6
Q

Level Scientific of Understanding: Control

A
  • 3rd and highest level of understanding
  • AKA: Causation
  • A functional r.ship is established when science confirms what was predicted
  • Event 1 (IV), results in change of another event (DV) and this event can only be attributed to the IV (Event 1)
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7
Q

Level Scientific of Understanding: Description

A
  • 1st level of understanding
  • Facts that are observable and measurable, which help us test possible r.ships and identify hypothesis
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8
Q

Level Scientific of Understanding: Prediction

A
  • 2nd level of understanding
  • Repeated observations that show a consistent correlation between 2 or more events which allow us to make scientific guesses about the probability of 1 event occurring when the other event occurs.
  • Correlation does not equal causation! (Prediction does not equal control)
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9
Q

Prediction AKAs

A

Correlation and Covariation

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10
Q

What are the 5 Philosophical Assumptions?

A
  1. Determinism
  2. Empiricism
  3. Parsimony
  4. Pragmaticism
  5. Selectionism
  • DEPPS
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11
Q

Determinism

A

The world is orderly, predictable, and lawful.

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12
Q

Empiricism

A
  • A philosophical assumption
  • The objective observation and measurement upon which knowledge is built
  • Empiricism = Evidence = Data = Facts
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13
Q

Parsimony

A
  • A philosophical assumption
  • Rule out the most simple and logical explanation that requires the fewest assumptions, before considering more complex explanations
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14
Q

Pragmatism

A
  • A philosophical assumption
  • How things come to be
  • A practical approach to problems in which truth is found in the process of verification
  • A probabilistic AB because of C philosophy
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15
Q

Selectionism

A
  • Philosophical assumption
  • Selection by consequences
  • Positive consequences survive and produce more complex repertoires
  • Ontogeny
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16
Q

What are the 3 terms formerly associated with the Philosophical Assumptions?

A
  1. Philosophical Doubt
  2. Replication
  3. Experimentation

PRE(viously)

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17
Q

Experimentation

A
  • PRE(viously) a philosophical assumption
  • AKA: Experimental Analysis
  • Controlled comparison of the DV under 2 or more IVs
  • Requires all variables to be controlled except for the IV
18
Q

Replication

A
  • PRE(viously) a philosophical assumption
  • Necessary to determine reliability and usefulness
  • Helps discover mistakes, making science a self-correcting operation
19
Q

Philosophical Doubt

A
  • PRE(viously) a philosophical assumption
  • Skepticism: Always question the truth and be open to being wrong
20
Q

7 Dimension of ABA

A
  1. Behavioral
  2. Applied
  3. Technological
  4. Conceptually Systematic
  5. Analytical
  6. Generality
  7. Effective
21
Q

Behavioral

A
  • 7 Dimensions of ABA
  • Must target the behavior of in need of improvement
  • Observable, measurable, passes the mannequin test, not doing something is not a behavioral objective
22
Q

Applied

A
  • 7 Dimensions of ABA
  • Socially significant to their daily lives
23
Q

Technological

A
  • 7 Dimensions of ABA
  • Clearly defined procedures that are replicable
24
Q

Conceptually Systematic

A
  • 7 Dimensions of ABA
  • Procedures use the basic principles of behavior analysis
25
Q

Basic principles of behavior analysis

A

PER the principles

  • Punishment
  • Extinction
  • Reinforcement
26
Q

Analytic

A
  • 7 Dimensions of ABA
  • A functional relation is demonstrated with enough experimental control and believability
  • AKA: Functional relation; Experimentation; Control; Causation
27
Q

Analytic AKAs

A
  • Functional relation
  • Causation
  • Experimentation
  • Control
28
Q

Generality

A
  • 7 Dimensions of ABA
  • AKA: Generalization
  • Behavior change that persist across time, setting, behaviors, and people
29
Q

Effective

A
  • 7 Dimensions of ABA
  • Enough improvement to make a socially significant difference in the individual’s life
  • Not theoretical or statistical differences
30
Q

Mentalism

A

Explains behavior through an assumption of about the inner and mental dimension as the cause of behavior

  • AKA: Spiritual; Psychic; Subjective; Feelings; Attitudes; Processing
  • Associated Terminology: Hypothetical structures, explanatory fiction, and circular reasoning
31
Q

Mentalism AKAs and Associated Terminology

A
  • AKA: Spiritual; Psychic; Subjective; Feelings; Attitudes; Processing
  • Associated Terminology: Hypothetical structures, explanatory fiction, and circular reasoning
32
Q

Hypothetical Construct

A
  • Mentalism
  • A presumed, but unobserved process
  • Ex. Free will, determination, ego, intelligence…. Cannot be observed or measured.
33
Q

Explanatory Fiction

A
  • Mentalism
  • A mythical UNOBSERVED explanation of a behavior that does not add to our understanding of what causes or maintains the behavior
  • Ex. Knowing, wanting, figuring out, understanding
34
Q

Circular Reasoning

A
  • Mentalism
  • The cause and effect are both inferred from the same information
35
Q

4 Branches of Behavior Analysis

A

BEAP

  1. Behaviorism
  2. EAB (Experimental Analysis of Behavior
  3. ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis)
  4. Professional Practice Guided by the Science of Behavior Analysis
36
Q

Behaviorism

A
  • A Branch of Behavior Analysis
  • The philosophical, theoretical, historical, and methodological issues within the science of behavior
  • Reaction to mentalism, which had difficulty with predictions and experimental control it in turn gave an environmental explanation of behavior
  • AKA: Conceptual Analysis of Behavior; Skinner’s Radical Behaviorism
37
Q

Behaviorism AKAs

A
  • Conceptual Analysis of Behavior
  • Skinner’s Radical Behaviorism
38
Q

EAB

A
  • A Branch of Behavior Analysis
  • Experimental Analysis of Behavior
  • Research on the basic principles of behavior and processes conducted mainly in laboratories or controlled settings, with humans and nonhumans
39
Q

ABA (As a Branch)

A
  • A Branch of Behavior Analysis
  • Applied Behavior Analysis
  • Applied research that creates the technology for improving research through assessments, observation, data analysis, revisions, and communication of the effects of their work
40
Q

Professional Practice Guided by the Science of Behavior Analysis

A
  • A Branch of Behavior Analysis
  • The dissemination of the field in other fields, not necessarily behavior analyst, but practitioners that use ABA procedures within their professions
41
Q

History of Behaviorsim

A

Ivan Pavlov and classical conditioning
- SS Pairing
- CS-CR
- Dogs

John Watson
- 1st person to describe behaviorism as a formal system
- Methodological behaviorism (publicly observable events) – No private events
- Little Albert

B.F. Skinner
- Radical behaviorism!
- Included private events

42
Q

Behavior from the perspective of radical behaviorism

A

2 Main Ideas: (1) Darwinian Selectionism & (2) Pragmatism

  1. Ontogeny = Selection by consequences in the lifetime of the individual
    - VS. Phylogeny = Natural selection in throughout the history of species
  2. Developed by Peirce and James
    - Stresses that that meaning of an idea lies in its observable practical consequence rather than theory and dogma

BEH 0003 (4 decks)

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