Section C: Gaining the Co-operation of the Localities

Question 1

What was the 1537 Revival of the Council of the North?

Answer 1

• Cromwell remodeled the council, extended to areas like Durham, Northumberland and Cumberland
• Could hear cases of treason and murder, enforced proclamations, President was a bishop/non-northerner
• 1539, headquarters in York, council made up of Northerners but under Elizabeth had more southerners

Question 2

What was the Law in Wales Act 1535 and 1542?

Answer 2

• Act of Union drafted by Cromwell, made Wales into 12 counties with English style government
• Banned Welsh in courts and allowed each counties 2 members in parliament
• 1542, bloodfued ended with English legal systems
• Reorganized Council of Marches to Council of Wales, president appointed by the Monarch

Question 3

How did literacy improve during the Tudor period?

Answer 3

• Increased from 20% to 28% for men and from 2% to 8% for women
• Occurred due to renaissance ideas, better education and introduction of the printing press
• Literacy of Gentry, Yeomen and Artisans improved

Question 4

How did representation via MPs increase over the period?

Answer 4

• Increased by almost 2/3, went from 296 under Henry VIII to 462 under Elizabeth due to population growth
• 2 MPs per borough, new ones created by monarch
• Voters were property owners, MPs intended to be landed gentry

Question 5

How did monarchs use progresses to extend royal authority?

Answer 5

• Act of the Monarch travelling to areas outside of London with their court
• Stayed with wealthy members of the nobility
• Increased visibility as they were mainly only seen on coins and in paintings, demonstrated their power and prestige

Question 6

How did the use of patronage change over the period?

Answer 6

• The practice of rewarding loyalty through titles, land and possessions
• Henry VII was cautious, only rewarding closest with titles, used lesser rewards like Order of the Garter
• Henry VIII was more generous, rewarding friends and non-nobles, greater rise to power
• Elizabeth had a small number of very loyal nobles, appointed them and relatives to positions of power

Question 7

What was the 1513 subsidy?

Answer 7

• Created by Wolsey, used for rest of the period
• Based on individuals income, nobility paid more based on their rank
• JPs assessed wealth, pledged oath of honesty
• Fairer than Fifteenths and Tenths, reduced resentment
• Collected £322,000 between 1513-1523
• Elizabeth went back to the old system

Question 8

What was the 1563 Statute of Artificers?

Answer 8

• All those unmarried under 30 were compelled to work and accept any job offer
• Everyone aged 12-60 had to work on the land unless they had a role already
• Wages set by the JPs and hours were fixed
• Refusal to work could mean being put in the stocks

Question 9

What was the 1598 Act for Relief of the Poor?

Answer 9

• Introduced overseer of the poor who collected and distributed relief, supervised by JPs who could raise compulsory contributions
• Combined with other laws that provided building of hospitals for the ill and houses of correction
• Combination of 11 private member bills, lasted till 1834

Question 10

How did the role of JPs expand over the Tudor period?

Answer 10

• Henry VII appointed trusted people, increased local power to enquire into illegal retaining by the nobility
• Henry VIII has 20-30 per county, filled 21 section questionnaire on law and order
• Elizabeth had 40-90 per county in 1603, lord lieutenants were appointed to oversee JPs