Section B: Challenging Religious Changes, 1533-37 Flashcards
What were the names of the two major uprisings in 1536?
- Lincolnshire Uprising
- Pilgrimage of Grace
What were some of the religious causes of the uprisings?
- 1534 Act of Supremacy and break with Rome/Pope
- 1535 Valor Ecclesiasticus
- 1536 Dissolution of smaller monasteries
- Monasteries acted as a place of refuge and hospital for the poorest in society
What about the rebels suggested they were motivated by religious reasons?
- 9 of 24 Pontefract Articles were religious
- Wanted the Princess Mary in the line of succession
- Carried a banner with the 5 wounds of Christ and ‘pilgrimage’ suggests peaceful ideals
What were some of the political causes of the uprisings?
- Critical of individuals close to the king like Cromwell and Cramner
- Commissioners used for the 1534 subsidy
- Landowners resentful at attempts to enforce wardships through the Act of Uses
What were some of the social and economic causes of the uprisings?
- 1534 Subsidy which coincided with two years of bad harvests, during peacetime, methods of collection
- Tenants angry at entry fines on orphans
- Poverty and economic hardship common in the north
- Enclosing had begun, resulted in job losses
How did the Lincolnshire Rising begin?
-2 & 3rd October, men of Louth captured commissioners that were carrying out a visitation to dissolve the clergy
What happened between the 4-7th October in the Lincolnshire Rising?
- 3,000 gathered causing the commissioners to flee, trouble spread to Horncastle and Dr Raynes was killed
- Rebel petition drawn up, including anger at dissolutions, 10,000 members new set of demands
How did the Lincolnshire Rising end?
- 10th Oct, Duke of Suffolk led kings army, gentry involved wavered, king threatened the rebels saying a battle would be treason
- 11th Oct, gentry asked for a pardon, causing anger amongst the common people, however they were persuaded to go home
How did the Pilgrimage of Grace begin?
- 10th Oct, rebellion began in East Ridings of Yorkshire
- 16th Oct, had around 10,000 rebels led by Robert Aske, enough to take over York
What happened on the 19th October?
- Rebels captured Pontefract Castle and the Port of Hull, allowed them to get supplies from European powers
- Rebels in North Yorkshire had already joined and captured Barnard Castle, Lord Darcy joined rebels
What happened in late October?
- Rebels amounted 30,000
- Duke of Suffolk was still occupied dealing with the Lincolnshire Rising
- Duke of Norfolk met with the rebels with 8,000 and was forced to negotiate
What were the Pontefract Articles?
- Set of demands, initially 5 but later became 24
- Rebels also asked for a pardon which was granted, although Henry was secretly furious
- Rebels started to go home in early December
What was Bigods Rising?
- January 1537, some rebels panicked fearing Henry would take revenge
- Sir Francis Bigod therefore attempted to take Scarbourgh and Hull, however only a few hundred rebels joined in with them
- Captured by February 1537 and rebellion suppressed
What did Henry VIII do to finally suppress the rebellion?
- Used Bigods Rising to send Norfolk back and the top rebels were arrested and taken to London
- Some of the gentry changed sides & helped govt.
- 144 rebels were executed including Aske and Darcey
What was Henry VIIIs role in the Pilgrimage of Grace?
- Rebels careful not to criticize him, only advisors
- Wanted revenge, offered a pardon like the LR however this only encouraged them
- Made vague promises which made the rebels go home but always intended to be harsh on them
