Section B: Challenging the Succession, 1485-99 Flashcards
1
Q
What was Henry VIIs claim to the throne?
A
- House of Lancaster, weak maternal blood claim from Margaret Beaufort
- Had been in exile in Brittany, not known by the English nobles
2
Q
How did Henry take the throne?
A
- Battle of Bosworth 1485
- Henrys army of 6,000 met Richards 10,000
- Turning point when 3,000 Yorkists turned and joined Henry led by Lord Stanley
- Richard was surrounded and killed
3
Q
How did Henry secure his throne during his early reign?
A
- Changed the date of his reign from the 22nd to the 21st in order to make Richard the usurper
- Rewarded those that helped, e.g. his uncle Jasper Tudor Duke of Bedford
- Married Elizabeth of York, made the Tudor rose and had heirs to unite the two families
- Alliance with Spain and support of the Pope
4
Q
How did Henry control the nobility?
A
- Created only 3 new earls, shrunk peerage from 62 to 42 in 1509
- Used Order of the Garter to reward people without giving away money, power or land
- Bonds and recognitions to get good behaviour
- Acts of Attainder to strip nobles, 138 passed
5
Q
What was the threat from Lambert Simnel
A
- 10 year old trained to act like a prince, began impersonating Edward, Earl of Warwick in 1487
- Had support from John De La Pole and Margaret of Burgundy, given 2,000 German mercenaries
- Gained Irish support, crowned king by Gerald Fitzgerald but he did not go to England with him
6
Q
How was the threat from Lambert Simnel stopped?
A
- Real Earl of Warwick was alive, Henry had him paraded through the streets to show this off
- Battle of Stoke in June 1487, the threat was easily crushed by the royal army
- Simnel failed to gain support in England
7
Q
What was the threat from Perkin Warbeck?
A
- Claimed to be Richard, duke of York, hard to disprove since no one knew what had happened to the real one
- Had support from Charles VIII and Margaret of Burgundy, spying on England
- James VI paid for his boat to escape
8
Q
Why was the threat from Perkin Warbeck not enough to seriously challenge Henry?
A
- No support from the Earl of Kildare
- Failed to invade Kent in 1495 with 300 men
- Henry had more supplies and support, Warbeck struggled with this even in Yorkshire
- 1496, tried to invade with 1400 men from the Scottish border, decreased to 300
9
Q
What was the threat from Burgundy and how was this reduced?
A
- Provided Simnel with mercenaries in 1487 and used links with Maximillian (Holy Roman Empire)
- Gave Warbeck armed forces in 1495
- Trade embargo introduced in 1493, stopped in 1496 due to war and Intercursus Magnus
- Burgundy continued to support Warbeck after this
10
Q
What was the threat from France and how was this reduced?
A
- France absorbed Brittany in 1491, Henry had tried to help by sending 3,000 a few years earlier
- Warbeck arrived in 1492 and was welcomed
- Henry invaded in 1492 whilst Charles was considering a war with Italy, therefore he agreed to negotiate
- Treaty of Etaples, England received 50,000 crowns a year from France
11
Q
What was the threat from Scotland and how was this reduced?
A
- Supported Warbeck in 1496, supplying army and arranging a marriage, however fed up by 1497
- Henry requested a grant to fight the scots, negotiated a marriage between James VI and Princess Margaret
- Seven year truce, marriage took place in 1503
12
Q
What was the threat from Ireland and how was this reduced?
A
- Earl of Kildare crowned Simnel as king, provided with troops and a base to launch from
- Refused bonds, swore an oath of loyalty instead
- Removed as deputy in 1492, but reappointed in 1496 and was loyal to Henry
