SECTION C Flashcards
‘Trends in Neurosciences’ > SBS, Sept 2022
–> person with autism/autistic person
–> normal person/non-autistic
–> obsessions/specialised, focussed or intense interests
New research challenges person-first lang > was thought to be more precise and respectful – e.g. ‘person w autism’ = prep phr after noun to distinguish from the person. ID-first lang = the adj ‘autistic’ to define the noun ‘person’ b/c = inextricably part of their identity.
Navigating disability, race, gender, sexuality, etc. requires careful choices. Challenging + advice and guidance re: affirms the identity of individuals & groups.
–> ‘Language represents more than just words; it represents a shift in the way we view disabilities and neurodivergence.’ (Monk)
–> ‘Language can be disempowering, dehumanising and degrading… the use of more inclusive terminology will better describe the condition and help improve understanding.’ (Monk)
–> ‘Changing our language from language such as symptoms or cure to language such as behaviours…, not just empowers those individuals but changes perceptions of the whole community.’ (Whitehouse)
‘Police called over TV presenter’s heartbreaking email reveal’, News.com > November 2022
abbo bullshit
abbo crap
1% aboriginal filthy scum
1% boong
abbo scum
1% abbo dog
Tony Armstrong > ABC TV presenter, former Swans player and a proud Barranbinyaman > subjected to online racist abuse.Racist abuse is intolerable in contemporary Australian society.
Qs:
‘This sh*t has gottastop.’ (TA)
‘This racist harassment is sickening… Our journalists should not be attacked or subjected to abuse for doing their jobs.’ (ABC News Director)
Australian slang makes you more likeable but only in an ocker accent, study claims’, The Conversation, Ellie Hunt
aussie
ambo
uggies
truckie
bikie
Woolies
tanty
ciggies
povo, dero, homo, lezzo
Research from ANU – dim endings in combo with an Australian accent = increases the likeability of user. Reflection of AusID.
Archetypically ‘Aussie’ dims + a Br AusEaccent reflect an informal, laid-back and down-to-earth ID which may put people at ease. The diff b/n older gens ie/o ending cfyounger users who clip + s is interesting.
Dr Evan Kidd
‘the use of hypocoristics… promotes common ground’ indicating social closeness.
Diminutives ‘are really emblematic of Australian culture –when you use them, you’re indicating that we have shared cultural history and understanding, and this increases likeability.
’Diminutives are ‘an entrenched part of our vernacular’ and we use them in ‘broader social settings’.
‘Social Media Posts as Exemplars’. Marissa King in Edutopia
yes –> yass
thanksss
full stop (.)
!!!!
Punctuation when texting = exaggerated to mimic speak + are used as prosodic features/ contain subtleties eg. tone, conventions and levels of formality in text messaging and captions. eg. full stop can be used to signify anger or annoyance rather than to conclude a sentence
Younger writers = no difficulty identifying the differences between writing in different contexts and for different audiences (able to code switch) eg. a greeting in a text message to a ‘bestie’ is very different to an email greeting to a potential employer.
In engaging in social media language, young people observe and decode ‘the subtleties of social media text’ and become ‘fluent in the language of pop culture’.
They are able to ‘code-switch between the informal language of social media or text messaging and the formal language required for school research reports’.
As linguist, John McWhorter, suggests, the changing, informal conventions of social media writing are an ‘expansion of [young people’s] linguistic repertoire’.
Informal vs. Formal Language in Marketing by Cindy Randall, LinkedIn, June 2022‘
McDonalds –> Maccas
more casual, relaxed tone = communicate brand identity + more authentic and ‘human’ voice + powerful way to connect with a target audience and cement brand loyalty.
Randal
‘increasingly… colloquialisms, slang and words from the Urban dictionary [are] popping up in marketing campaigns’
‘swap the formality and jargon… for a more casual or ‘straightforward’ tone
’Create ‘real, honest communication in your brand marketing’
From ‘technicolour yawn’ to ‘draining the dragon’…
Shoey and smoke…
‘Brekkie, barbie and mozzies : why do Aussies shorten so many words?’ by Kate Burridge and Howard Manns in the Convosation Jan 6th 2023
mozzies
pollie
rellos
trackies
diminutive endings are used by many Australians ti indicate a warm/friendly attitude towards something or someone and can help build solidarity with other Australian
‘most culturally silent features of australian english- expressions of informality and solidarity that are uniquely suited to the Anglo- Australian ethos […..] and style of interaction
colloquialisms … are the glue that sticks australian speakers together
Are Melburnians mangling the language? by Abbie O’Brien, SBS
Malbourne
Dr Debbie Loake from Melbourne University suggests that there is a specific sound change evident in Melbourne and Southern Victoria, where ‘el’ sounds are becoming confused with ‘al’ sounds that stems from the way a listener interprets a word + misperception which, over time, impacts phonological processes. she also believes that as Australia becomes more diverse distinct accents around Australia will emerge
Sally Squires, a speech pathologist, believes the Victorian or Melbourne access is a ‘Millennial accent’ explaining that ‘younger speakers… tend to instigate change’ (Pedestrian, 2022).
‘geographical diffusion.’
‘Naur, yeah: Australia, you’re performing linguistic magic when you pronounce the two-letter word ‘no’. Here’s why’ by Amy Hume for the Conversation
“naur” = triphthong
cat, bed, hut, kid, = monophthongs
loud, prize, bay, void = diphthongs
On social media, speakers from outside Australia are fascinated by Australians pronunciation of the negative adverb ‘no’ with some non-Australians writing it as ‘naur’
Linguists define ‘no’ as an open syllable and some speakers will lengthen and draw out the vowel – a phonological feature often associated with the archetypical Broad accent. As a consequence, using intonation, modulation and emphasis, the adverb can be pronounced in numerous ways and can vary in semantics. While most Australians pronounce the adverb as a diphthong, for some the vowel becomes a triphthong – beginning with an unstressed /ə/ (at the end of sofa) to /əʊ/ (oh) and finally to /ʊ/ (put). The presence of the r consonant in the written version remains somewhat of a mystery.
‘We’re now hearing different accent varieties that otherwise may not be heard by a global audience’
vowels and consonants as having two different roles in language: vowels are the emotional components of words, and consonants are the intellect.
Using intonation, modulation and emphasis, the word is given meaning depending on how you say it.
Decoding the Melbourne iccent
The Age
wog
yeah/no phenomenon
Melbourne is divided into socioeconomic layers of accents and dialects.
Melbourne accents and dialects track the shift of wealth and education through the suburbs.
The yeah/no phenomenon, according to linguist Kate Burridge, unites us all. Yeah/no is part self-effacing, part conversation-helper, part time-buying. Burridge explains that ‘in situations where the potential for misunderstanding is high, this acts as a clarifier; Yes, I agree it would be a bad idea, so no, I won’t be going either.’
The yeah/no discourse particle crosses gender, generation and socioeconomic status.
I’ve Lived In Malbourne My Whole Life And I Was Just Informed There’s A Malbourne Accent?
Aleksandra Bliszczyk
Pedestrian, April 27 2022
pronouncing
Ellen –> Allen
celery –> salary
“alaphant” instead of “elephant”, “dalee” instead of “deli”
People from Melbourne have a specifically regional accent that results in ppl pronouncing the short ‘e’ vowel with more of an ‘a’ sound. research from Charles Sturt University‘s Albury, NSW campus in 2002 suggests this change in pronunciation is a result of younger generations speaking differently form past generations
“It is the younger speakers who tend to instigate change.
The Australian accent has been broken down into three categories in the past, called broad (typically Brisbane), general (typically Sydney) and cultivated (typically Melbourne — think Cate Blanchett).
Broad or posh, we still sound uniquely Australian. Where did our accent come from?
by Karl Quinn in the age 22/Aug/2023
dance –> darnce
2 types of accents : foregien- speaks a language using rules of another/ local- way ppl speak their native lang influ by social groups
Aus E composed of broad, cultivated, General accent but also Aboriginal + ethnolecultral accents
Aus accent came from south-east Eng
‘All dialects reflect Australian identity but, in addition, reveal the cultural affiliation of the speaker’ (Felicity Cox, a professor in linguistics at Macquarie University)
accents of descendants of people who where born out side of Australia ‘establish themselves through generational imitation of the family accent blended with the social accents that are heard (McCrossin-Owen)
‘There’s nothing inherently correct or incorrect about language – it’s all about the use to which it is put in its community’ (Felicity Cox, a professor in linguistics at Macquarie University)
Yeah, nah: Aussie slang hasn’t carked it, but we do want to know more about it
The Conversation, August 12, 2022
budgie smugglers
flat out like a lizard drinking
mate
dunny
- aussie slang has been around for 100s of yrs
- draws on metaphors, irony, sound aliteration
- many part of everyday lang : bogan
- being exported around the world : mozzie, spiting the dummy
- rarely used: bondi train, pineapple
‘people’s poetry’
10 ways Aboriginal Australians made English their own
The Conversation, June, 2022
by Louro and Collard
Auntie or Uncle
Deadly
hungry’
due to similarities b/w SAE and AbE, AbE may be misinterpreted as speaking poor Eng
heavy varieties —> inaccessible to an outsider/ Creole
features of AbE= convey respect by referring to ppl as Auntie or Uncle/ eye contact perceived as rude + threatening/ prefer uninvited questions/ elipsis of to be, etc
’ Aboriginal English has its own structure, rules and the same potential as any other linguistic variety’ (Louro and Collard)
