METALANGUAGE Flashcards
Phonetics and phonology
Sounds
Morphology and lexicology
Words
Syntax
Sentences
Semantics
Meaning
Discourse
Whole text
5 Speech processes
- Elision
- Reduction
- Insertion/ Epenthesis
- Flapping
- assimilation
Elision
omission or loss of sound
because –> ‘cause
about –> ‘bout
Epinthesis/ Omission
adding sounds
athlete –> ath-e-lete
umbrella –> um-ber-ella
Reduction
ya-> unstresses vowel phoneme /u/ reduced to a schwa /a
Flapping
footy –> foody
Assimilation
sound changes or merge ro sound like nearby sounds
handbag –> hambag
going to –> gonna
Alliteration
Phonological paterning
Sequence of words that use the same constant sound in the beginning
eg. deliberate and deadly
Nouns
Name of person place or thing
Common : General things you can see and touch
Proper: begin with a capital letter
Abstract: cannot see or touch
verbs
doing being or having word
infinitives
to ___(verb)___
auxiliary verbs
to have – has/ have/ had
to be- am/is/are/ was/ were
to do- did
modal verbs
may/ must/ might
can/ could
shall/ should
will/ would
Adverbs
often end in -ly
yes
time : now/ soon/ often/ never
place : here/ somewhere/ outside
interjection
words that have emotional meaning
eg. wow/ yuck/ oi
‘i’
1st person subject singular PN
‘you’
2nd person subject PN
‘we’
1st person subject plural PN
Determiners
come before nouns
coordinating conjunctions
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
subordinating conjunctions
after/ although/ as
however/ therefore/
while
Inflectional morphemes
Indicate tense/ number/ relationships
Derivational morphemes
Indicate word class and meaning
Diminutives
indicate a friendly, laid back attitude to something or someone.
end in ie/y/o
5 Word Formation processes
- initialisms eg. OMG
- Acronyms eg. YOLO
- Compounding eg. holiday
- Affixation eg. iPad
- Blends eg. brunch
4 Sentence structures
- simple
- compound
- complex
- compound- complex
Simple sentences
1 verb phrase
Compound sentences
2+ verb phrases + coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) / semi colon joining ALL clauses
Complex sentences
2+ verb phrases
Compound - complex sentence
3+ verb phrases + SOME clauses joined with coordinating conjunction/ semi colons
4 Sentence Types
Declarative
Imperative
Exclamative
Interrogative
Passive voice
verb phrase: to be
by…
Syntatic patterning
Paralelism
Antithesis
Listing
Antithesis
mirrored structures with contrasting words/ideas
eg. give me liberty, give me death
Nominilstaion
verb–> noun
eg. suggests –> suggestion
information flow
Front focus
End focus
Clefting
It Cleft
dummy subject ( it ) + verb + relative pronoun + clause
eg. it was alice who kicked the winning goal
what cleft
what + SNcl + verb + Noun phrase
eg. what i really want are answers
features of spoken discourse
Interogative tags
Discourse particles
Opening/closings
Overlapping speech
Non fluency features
Adjacency pairs
Non-fluency features
pauses
filled pauses/voiced hesitations
false starts
repetition
repairs
strategies in spoken discourse
Topic management
Turn taking
Floor
Minimal responses/backchaneling
examples of turn-taking
rising and falling intonation
vocatives
interogative tags
discourse markers + particles
minimal responses/ backchanneling
eg. mm/ yep/ oh
semantic patterning
figurative language
denotations
literal meaning
connotations
suggestions that come to mind when the word is used
Anaphoric reference
PN is used to refer to the previous NP
