Section B: Theorists

Question 1

Heintz-knowles -age

Answer 1

Analysed the ways in which children are portrayed in TV:

• children never grappling with important issues
• ethnic minority children are under represented
• motivated by peers, relationships, school and religion
• in adverts, antisocial behaviour is rewarded
• girls shown as affectionate and boys seen as physically aggressive

Question 2

Postman -age

Answer 2

Childhood is being merged with adulthood, children are being presented as more mature

Question 3

Osgerby -age

Answer 3

In 1950’s youths are represented positively but now youths are seen as negative

Question 4

Landis -age

Answer 4

Stereotypes:

• feisty old women
• sickly old person
• mentally deficient
• grumpy old man
• depressed and lonely
• having second child
• having wisdom
• busy body

Question 5

Biggs -age

Answer 5

Older people in soap operas a lot
Negative portrayals of old people
Move towards a more active view of older people

Question 6

Ferguson -gender

Answer 6

Him, home and looking good (for him)

Question 7

Easthorpe -gender

Answer 7

Males represented as biologically strong and expected to be masculine

Question 8

Whannel -gender

Answer 8

David beckham - metrosexual man, taking care of looks and stereotypical masculine figure

Question 9

Glascock -gender

Answer 9

More strong independent women in TV and film

Question 10

Gauntlett -gender

Answer 10

From 1990 to present, there are traditional gender roles across a range of TV and film

Question 11

Gill - gender

Answer 11

Strong independent women are represented but still overly sexualised

Question 12

Sewell -ethnicity

Answer 12

Black African Caribbean people follow the hyper masculine role model like rap music and gangs

Question 13

Van dijk -ethnicity

Answer 13

Black is used as a negative word and unimportant

Question 14

Malik -ethnicity

Answer 14

Media not reporting the reality of the ethnic minorities

Question 15

Barker -ethnicity

Answer 15

Soap opera ‘eastenders’ represents ethnic minorities in significant roles

Question 16

Hall -ethnicity

Answer 16

• Overt - open and obvious racism

- inferential racism - subtle and not obvious

Question 17

Parsons -gender

Answer 17

Expressive and instrumental roles

Question 18

Dodd and Dodd -class

Answer 18

Presenting an old view of working class society

E.g. Eastenders

Question 19

Newman -class

Answer 19

Working class portrayed as unflattering and negative light

Question 20

Devereux -class

Answer 20

Royle family represent a realistic view of working class

Question 21

Jones -class

Answer 21

Chavtainment, portrayed in a negative and aggressive way

Question 22

Golding and Middleton-class

Answer 22

Welfare issues didn’t seem news worthy until they involved crime or fraud in the underclass

Question 23

Price -class

Answer 23

Poverty porn - intended to be negative and exploit aspects of lower class culture

Question 24

Nairn -class

Answer 24

• Media supports the royal family

- positive stories to do with the royal family, are often more covered than the negative portrayals

Question 25

Reiner -class

Answer 25

People with enormous wealth are celebrated, audiences are influenced to interact with them
The media try to obtain a false class consciousness