Section B Flashcards
2 people for Scientific Management
Frederick Taylor
The Gilbreths
What are the foundations of management
The two perspectives of scientific management and classical
Clssical perspective
Arose as large scale production began growing
Professional salaried manager was born
Treats workers like parts of a machine - cog in machine metaphor
Not humanistic focused
What was the general approach to Scientific Management
Specific method of the classical perspective
Start of HR - trying to get the best outcomes
Intristic motivation driven by reward - wages etc
All responsibility to manager
Best methods and person to perform the job
Training to be effective
Planning work and eliminating interruptions
Monitoring performance
Who is the father of scientific management
Frederick W Taylor
Information on Frederick W Taylor + his experiment
He was appalled by worker inefficiencies - thought well ahead of others in his time
Involved in the famous Pig-Iron experiment
Noticed their work was not co-ordinated or at the best possible standard
To fix this he: asked them to do in a certain way, good equipment, breaks, wage increase, only hiring physically able people
Result was that productivity/ output was increased by 400%
What did Frank and Lillian do
Expanded on scientific management by studying motion and time to make work better
3 parts:
1. Reduce wasteful motions
2. Focus on most efficient way possible
3. Increased efficiency to increase profit and worker satisfaction
What was the outcomes of Frank and Lillians research
Reduced time to complete tasks
Improved time patients spent in surgery
Saved lives
Reduced the strain and fatigue of employees
Eg’s of standardised work practices (Sci management) today
McDonalds - very standardised
Production lines - Henry Ford
Piece Rates - get paid on how much they produce
What were some criticisims of Taylorisim (Fredericks methods)
Did not appreciate the social context of work and the higher needs of workers
Did not aknowledge diversity
Tended to regard workers as uninformed - the manager was perceived as the best.
Person for Beurocratic Organisations + info
Max Weber
Came up with the ideal bureaucracy
Emphasised management on an impersonal, rational basis at the organisational level
6 elements on Webers Ideal Bureaucracy
Division of labour
Hierarchy of positions of authority
Managers not above
Management seperate from the ownership of the orginisation
All recorded in writing - not behind closed doors
Employees selected based on skills but also opportunity to train
What does Bureaucracy look like today
Seen to some extent in all orginisations
Larger in public sector
Who was the father or modern operations management + info
Henri Fayol
French management specialist
What are Fayol’s basic management principles
Foresight/ planning
Organisation
Command/ leading
Co-ordination
Control
What are another 4 out of the 14 Fayol Principles
Unity of Command - each subordinate recieves orders from one superior
Division of work - specialisation to produce more and better quality - specialise in one area
Unity of direction - similar activities in an organisation should be ground under one manager
Scalar Chain - all employees included in the chain of command
What perspective is the complete contrast to Taylorisim
Humanistic Perspective
Emphasis on human factor - care about employees
What is theory x and y
X = human race is lazy and we do the minimum so we need money as a motivator for all
Y = there is something more to us all, we crave social interaction and not neceserily money motivation - we do need it but its not a primary reinforcer
What is behavioural sciences
Understanding people (how they think, feel, act)
Instead of just focusing on tasks, behavioural sciences use ideas from psychology, sociology etc to understand employees and maximise them.
What is management science
Using numbers to find solutions/ methods that are best - instead of relying on intuition or tradition.
Links to Rosseau’s evidence based management.
