Section 9 - Use of Resources Flashcards
Describe the basic process of selective breeding [4 marks]
- Chose stock with the best characteristics
- Breed them with each other
- Select the best of the offspring, breed them together
- Continue over several generations, desirable traits get stronger and stronger
How can farmers artificially create ideal conditions for photosyenthesis (6)
- Keep plants enclosed in a greenhouse
- To keep them free from pests and disease
- Apply artificial light after the sun goes down
- Give plants more time to photosyenthesis
- Use a parrafin heater
- Increases level of carbon dioxide
How does artifically creating the ideal temperature, light intensity and amount of carbon dioxide help farmers (3)
- Increases rate of photosyenthesis
- Plants will grow bigger and faster
- Crop yields will be higher
Why do farmers use fertilisers (7)
- Fertilisers are used to ensure crops have enough nutrients
- Nutrients e.g nitrates, phosphates, potassium
- Needed to make protein
- Growth and life processes affected if they don’t have enough
- Elements can be missing from soil if used up nu a previous crop
- Farmers use fertilisers to replace missing elements or provide more of them
- Increases crop yield
What are pesticides, how are they used, advantages and disadvantages (3)
- Form of chemical pest control
- Often poisonous to humans, used carefully to keep amount of pesticide in food below a safe level
- Some pesticides also harm other wildlife
What is biological control (3)
- Using other organisms to reduce number of pests
- By encouraging wild organisms or adding new ones
- Helpful organisms could be predators, parasites or disease causing
Give four advantages of using biological control over pesticides (3)
- No need to reapply
- No bioaccumulation
- Lasts longer
- Less harmful to wildlife
Give an example of a potential problem of biological control (2)
- Cane toads introduced to Aus to eat beetles
- Now a major pest as they poison native species that eat them
How do you make yogurt (9)
- Equipment sterilised to kill of any unwanted microorganims
- Milk is pasteurised (heated to 72 degrees for 15 seconds)
- To kill any harmful microorganisms
- Milk’s cooled
- Lactobacillus bacteria are added
- Mixture is incubated (heated to 40 degrees) in a fermenter
- Bacteria ferment the lactose sugar in the milk to form lactic acid
- Lactic acid causes milk to clot, and solidify into yogurt
- Flavours added, e.g fruit, colours, yogurt packaged
What liquid are fermenters full of and how does help microorganims (2)
- Culture medium
- Helps microorganisms grow and reproduce
Why is pH monitered in a fermenter (2)
- Kept at optimum level for the microorganisms enzymes’ to work efficently
- Rate of reaction and product yield as high as possible
How and why is temperature monitered in a fermenter (3)
- Water cooled jacket makes sure it doesn’t get too hot
- Makes sure temperature is kept at an optimum level
- So enzymes don’t denature
How and why are microorganims kept in contact with fresh culture medium (3)
- Using paddles that agitate the medium around the vessel
- Increases product yield
- Because microorganisms can always access the nutrients needed for growth
How and why is oxygen added to the fermenter (4)
- Microorganisms need oxygen for respiration
- Added by pumping in sterile air
- Increases product yield
- Because microorganisms can always respire to provide the energy for growth
How and why are vessels sterilised (6)
- Sterilised between uses
- With superheated steam
- Kills unwanted microbes
- Aseptic conditions increases product yield
- Because microorganisms aren’t competing with each other
- Product doesn’t get contaminated