section 9 Flashcards
whats the 3 types of panic we can have during an emergency
- negative panic
- positive panique
- false leadership
what do we need to do when theres a negative panic during an emergency
- repeat shouted command
- alter shouted command as required
what do we need to do when theres a positive panic during an emergency
verbally gain control with passenger, if this should fail gain control via shock value
what should we do if theres a false leadership during an emergency
- do not let yourself be pushed aside
- establish yourself as the one in command and in full control
- you may select to choose and give a task to that passenger in order to keep him busy
ABPs can be used by cabin crew for a variety of task required to ensure survival during emergency situation such as : (4)
- opening unmanned exits
- crowd control during evacuation
- assisting special needs passengers
- assisting in restraining a disruptive passenger
whats the 3 types of landing
- normal landing
- abnormal landing
- emergency landing
whats the two types of emergency landing
unplanned and planned
whats an unplanned emergency
when no advance warning is provided to the cabin crew in order to prepare the cabin for an emergency landing. in this situation, a brace situation may or may not be given from the flight deck. if no brace signal is given, cabin crew must initiate brace command or instinctively, using good judgement
whats a planned emergency
when advance warning is provided to cabin crew in order to prepare the cabin for an emergency landing
possible evacuations on land (2)
- at the airport -where ground emergency crews are available to assist
- away from the airport- where survival after the evacuation is a priority
whats the sequence of actions during an evacuation (7)
when you hear evacuate x3, each f/a will :
1. release seat belt
2. assess outside condition
3. if safe to do so, open the exit
4. pull on the manual inflation handle (if required)
5. activate ELS
6. take protective position
7. monitor evacuation
when a cabin crew is responsible to open more than one exit during an emergency, they must (5)
- open the exit as per cabin crew position assigned
- proceed to the second exit and open
- command opening window exit (if applicable)
- start evacuation of passenger
- monitor evacuation
why does cabin crew needs to monitor evacuation ?
to avoid congestion at the end of the slide ( at the bottom of the exit)
what should a crew member say when theres an exit blocked
exit blocked, go that way, sortie cloqué sorter par la
crossed arms in an X and point the exit to be used
what should a crew member say if an exit becomes too congested
go that way, sortez par la
point the exit to be used
some incident that could be considered catastrophic during take off roll :
cabin fire, external fire, uncontrolled armed passenger
C’est quoi les étapes de testra
T : type of emergency (specify type of landing: normal, abnormal, emergency)
E : evacuation necessary
S: signal confirmation (Brace 2x evacuate 3x)
T: time remaining to prepare the Cabin
R: relocate passengers (is it necessary to relocate passengers)
A : announcement (who will advice passengers and when)
Quand les F/a entendent CSM to the interphone they will (7)
- obtain PELP booklet
- put full uniform
- securing aft and forward galley and stow equipment - restow meal tray trolleys and utensils and equipment - stow garbage - close and lock compartement door - turn off circuit breakers if applicable
- clear exit. and ensure exits in proper mode
- lock lavatory door
- await CSM instructions
- cabin light to full bright
during an emergency, in event the PA system is inoperative, the alternate evacuation signal is :
fasten seat belt on and off 5 times or more
what does f/a need to do when they hear remain seated, remain seated
cabin crew and pax will remain seated and remain on high alert to the possibility situation could change rapidly. further information will be provided as soon as possible by the flight deck.
prior to opening an emergency exit, it must be determined if outside conditions are safe before the exit is opened, we need to assess outside conditions and check for :
heat on exit, smoke or visible flame outside, a large drop to ground level, high water , obstruction to the exit( broken metal, debris, trees)
if the outside conditions aren’t good, what do you need to do
block the exit
true or false, you need to check the exit on a constant basis to ensure that its suitable exit for use
true
to block an exit, (sear )
S : shout the command
E : elevate yourself (if necessary)
A : Assess which exits are operable
R : Redirect pax to usable exit
example of catastrophic accident
crash on take off/landing
uncontrollable cabin fire on ground
broken fuselage
ditching
other life threatening emergencies
in these situations, don’t hesitate to initiate evacuation
exit priorities on land
all available exit will be used
^àçè
whats the responsabilities of the PIC during an evacuation
he will designate the pax assembly point and will advise the F/O of where it will be.
After his duties are completed the PIC will go in the pax and assist in the evacuation process.
Whats the responsibilities or the F/O during an evacuation
after his duties are completed, he will proceed to the rear wing area to supervise evacuation from the outside of the A/C and direct pax to the designated assembly point
why does cabin crew needs to have a protective position (3)
- passenger pushing them
- being pushed out
- losing their balance and falling if attitude of aircraft change
when performing an evacuation, cabin crew must :
face pax flow with back against jumpseat, bulkhead,etc
hold a fix part of the a/c
keep shoulder width apart
post evacuation duties : (8)
- if safe, verify the f/d
- if safe, verify cabin and lavatory for pax that may have been left behind
- gather appropriate emergency equipment
- regroup pax in a safe area upwind (contre le vent) of the a/c
- head count pax
- assist in whatever manner is required, until relieved by PIC, company or rescue team
- do not disclose information to anyone, without prior authorization from a company representative (parle pas au media)
whats a rejected take off
may be describe as a procedure decided by the f/d to bring the aircraft to a complete stop, during take off roll of the aircraft
a rejected take off may be initiated due to a:
mechanical problem, activation of caution advisory of aircraft, entrance of a/c, an animal of the active runway during the roll, or other emergency
what will follow the reject take-off? What should f/a do?
remain seated with seat belt and shoulder harness securely fasten and carry on silent review
2. f/a must remain seated at station until advice is received from the PIC
3. As soon as possible, the PIC will make an announcement to remain seated or evacuate the aircraft depending of the situation
4. follow PIC instruction
5. in the event of a serious accident (impact type force) commence shouted “brace” commands. once the a/c has come to a complete stop, if theres no communication available with F/D- initiate an evacuation (if obvious need to evacuate)
whats a missed approach ?
its a manoeuvre which the pilot will conductt when a safe landing cannot be accomplished. the a/c change from a landing attitude to a take off attitude, increase noise level in cabin and sudden acceleration felt by the occupants
what do we need to do after following a missed approach
- remain seated
- when a/c has climbed to a safe altitude , the PIC will communicate with the CSM
- follow the pic instruction
- make the necessary explanatory announcement to the pax
in an effort to minimize injury during impact pax should be advised to…
brace position
cabin crew, during a brace position should put their palm up or down
palm up
when should a f/a put chin placed on chest during the brace position
forward facing
decompression can be defined as :
a rapid equalization of interior cabin pressure with outside environmental pressure
theres 2 types of decompression
- rapid decompression, sometime called explosive
- cabin pressurization problems
rapid decompression signs
1.loud bang
2. fogging in cabin
3. rapid drop in cabin temperature
4. opening of oxygen mask panels and masks drop down
5. rapid movement of air as it escapes into the outside environment
6. seat belt sings “ on” with accompanying chime
7. rapid emergency descent to lower altitude
whats the symtoms of a rapid decompression
- pain in ear and sinus as pressure drops
- pain in stomach and gut as gas expands
- a gasp as air escapes from the lungs
what do you need to do during a rapid decompression
- go to nearest oxygen mask
- secure yourself
- breathe normally
- stay seated until the aircraft levels off at a safe altitude
during a rapid decompression, flight crew will begin an emergency descent and announce over the PA :
emergency decent x2
if no command is provided, f/a must secure themselves and go to the nearest mask until a/c levels off
what do you need to do if you see a cabin door not properly closed during inflight
- don’t touch door
- sit down with seat belt on and advise pax to do the same
- if you notice the situation, advise the PIC right now
what do you need to do when you notice that theres over pressure on the aircraft once the a/c is on the ground
don’t try to open the exit,
advd capitain
wait for further instructions
what happens when theres insufficient amount of circulating oxygen to supply the body need for correct physical and mental performance
Hypoxia
some signs of hypoxia are :
- clumsiness
- euphoria, visual and auditory disorder and intellectual disorders
- headache and dizziness
- cyanosis of face and hand increased respiratory and cardiac rhythm
- unconsciousness
- death
whats the treatment for hypoxia
give oxygen at High flow (4L/MIN)
Theres 5 classifications of fire. name them
class A, B, C D, K
What class is combustible material
class A
whats class of fire is flammable liquid
Class b (BOOZE)
what class of fire is Electrical
Class C
what kind of class of fire is fire involving metals
class D
what kind of class of fire is vegetable and animal oils/fats, such as cooking oils
class K
Fire prevention practices include
- ensure cabin floor are kept free of paper
- be careful with aerosol cans and perfume bottles in garbage bag
- remember to tag electrical equipment which is malfunctioning
- follow up if unusual smell is detected or alarm sounds
- be aware to circuit breakers that may have popped and the cause of it.
if the smoke detector sounds, you should
- investigate, if fire- initiate fire fighting procedures
- if its because of a pax smoking, locate and ensure its extinguished
- advd pic of situation and make a incident report
- follow the smoke detector reset procedure
- the lavatory should be monitored if the cigarette is not located
whenever you determine that theres a possibility of a fire hidden in a compartment, what kind of search should be made
a tactile search. it will help to determine if theres a fire as well as the intensity of it. a tactile search should be performed by using the back of your hand
whats the 4s when theres a fire
Site
Source
Severity
Smoke
whats the technique of fighting fire
the extinguisher should be at the base of the flames then processing forward and upward. The discharge nozzle should be moved slowly with a side to side sweeping motion
theres 2 types of responsibilities when fighting fire
primary and backup
what does it means when you hear “ back up to”
it means theres a fire
what action does a crew member does when theres a oven/galley fire
- pull circuit breakers
- close oven door if possible
3.obtain halon extinguisher - open oven door slowly
- discharge contents of extinguisher into oven and close the door
- wait for smoke to subside and monitor for re-ignition
what should a cabin crew do when theres a hidden/inaccessible fire
- obtain nearest halon extinguisher
- perform tactile search
- before accessible panel with fire axe confirm with F/D to minimize damage to aircraft
- put firefighting equipment
- discharge halon at bottom sweeping from side to side and progress upwards
what does cabin crew needs to do in case of a electrical fire
pull circuit breaker
obtain halon extinguinsher and discharge fully
what should cabin crew do in case of a lavatory fire
- keep door closed until fire equipment is ready
- assess fire with tactile search
- open door slowly and locate source of fire
- discharge halon extinguisher and monitor for re-ignition
what does a cabin crew should do in case of a seat on fire
discharge halon extinguisher and saturate seat with non-flammable liquid
what should cabin crew do in case of an overhead bin fire
- keep it closed until fire equipment is ready
- retrieve nearest halon extinguisher and discharge
- be cautious with saturating this following a fire as liquid may leak into the wiring in the PSU
- monitor for re-ignition
what should a crew member do in case of a fire in a cabin baggage ?
- obtain nearest extinguisher and discharge on affected baggage
- move pax away from baggage
- saturate baggage with a non-flammable liquid and monitor for re-ignition
what should a cabin crew do in case of a cargo compartment fire
- obtain nearest halon extinguisher -call for backup
- locate source of fire
- discharge halon extinguisher into area of fire - monitor for re-ignition
what should we do in case of a fire caused by lithium batteries in portable electronic device
- use halon, halon replacement or water extinguisher
- once the fire has been extinguished , put water or non alcoholic liquid on device (NO ICE)
Whats a safe pratice when fire fighting
when approching fire, move slowly and aim the discharge at the base of the fire in a slow sweeping motion
2. stay low and protect yourself .never turn your back or walk away from the fire
3. always be prepared for re-ignition. constantly monitor
4. oxygen bottle located
close to fire should be removed
5. pax with portable oxygen concentrator should be relocated
a engine/apu torching shouldn’t be more than
20 seconds
what should we do in case of a smoke in cabin is heavy and dense
we should use the PA and oral shouted commands to instruct pax to get their head down and breathe through clothing/cloth
what should we do if fuel fumes are present in the cabin
-enforce the no smoking
-oral shouted command to communicate with pax (no PA)
- advise flight deck by entering f/d
- leave all electrical switches in their present position
- be prepared for possible deplanement/evacuation or by obtaining halon extinguisher
if you are called in the f/d in order to handle an incapacitated pilot, your immediate actions are :
- pull crew member back off control
- attach his harness , lap belt and shoulder harness
-move seat away from control
-perform first aid as required - if the pilot behaves unpredictable or uncontrollably, they should be removed from the seat
-he should be relocated in pax seat - the incapacitated flight crew member isn’t permitted to return to duty, even if they appear to be fine
We are all different, but if we keep the following point in mind, our survival chance are increased
- have and maintain a positive mental attitude
- keep occupied- mentally and physically
- push negative thoughts out of your mind
- conserve energy
what is a dithching
its an emergency landing on water
heres some things you should do to improve your chance of survival on water
-the more clothes you have, the better
- try to not panic
- adopt a huddle position or a help position
what should we say when theres a unusable exit
exit blocked , go that way
sortie bloquée, sortez par la
who’s in charge of the overwing exit when theres two f/a in the back
its 2l
on which aircraft nolinor use medares medlink
in 737-300 and 737-400
who needs to be contacted if theres any concerns about a pax fitness to fly
Medlink
can a crew member pronounce that anyone has died
no. they should be treated as an unconscious person until a qualified medical personnel is available.
what do we need to do when we suspect someone to be death
- advd PIC
- if possible, move adjacent pax and don’t relocate person unless they are at an emergency exit
- ensure seat is reclined to avoid pax from falling forward
- fasten seat belt
- close the eyes, cover the body with a blanket up to the neck. (the face should not be covered)
- prior to landing, bring the seat upright and have a capable person hold the person upright
what do we need to do when theres a infectious diseases
- advd PIC
- if the situation is serious, cabin crew should request for assistance of medical personal on board the a/c
- if possible, isolate the person from another pax by 2 rows front and back
- designate one cabin crew member to look after the ill person
