Section 6 -- External influences on business activity Flashcards

government economic objectives and policies, environmental and ethical issues, business and the international economy

1
Q

define ‘inflation’

A

increase in the average price level of goods and services over time

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2
Q

define ‘unemployment’

A

when people who are willing to work are unable to find a job

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3
Q

define ‘economic growth’

A

when a countrys GDP increase, more goods and services were produced compared to previous years

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4
Q

define ‘balance of payments’

A

records the difference between a countrys exports and imports

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5
Q

define ‘real income’

A

value of income and it falls when prices rise faster than money income

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6
Q

define ‘gross domestic product (GDP)’

A

total value of output of goods and services in a country in one year

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7
Q

define ‘recession’

A

period of falling GDP

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8
Q

define ‘exports’

A

goods and services sold from one country to other countrys

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9
Q

define ‘imports’

A

goods and services bought in by one country from other countries

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10
Q

define ‘exchange rate’

A

price of one currency in terms of another

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11
Q

define ‘exchange rate depreciation’

A

fall of value of a currency compared with other currencies

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12
Q

define ‘fiscal policy’

A

change by the government in tax rates or public-sector spending

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13
Q

define ‘direct taxes’

A

taxes paid directly from incomes

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14
Q

define ‘indirect taxes

A

taxes added the prices of goods sold

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15
Q

define ‘disposable income’

A

level of income taxpayer has after paying income tax

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16
Q

define ‘import tariff’

A

tax on an imported product

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17
Q

define ‘import quota’

A

physical limit to the quantity of a product that can be imported

18
Q

define ‘monetary policy’

A

change in interest rates by the government or central bank

19
Q

define ‘supply side policies’

A

policies to increase the competitiveness of industries in an economy against those from other countries

20
Q

define ‘exchange rate appreciation’

A

rise in the value of a currency compared to other currencies

21
Q

define ‘social responsibility’

A

business decision benefits stakeholders other than shareholders

22
Q

define ‘environment’

A

natural world where raw materials are extracted from

23
Q

define ‘private costs’

A

activity of costs paid for by business

24
Q

define ‘private benefits’

A

activity are the gains to a business

25
Q

define ‘external costs’

A

costs paid for by the rest of society

26
Q

define ‘external benefits’

A

gains to the rest of society

27
Q

define ‘sustainable development’

A

development which does not put at risk the living standards of future generations

28
Q

define ‘sustainable production methods’

A

those that do minimum damage to the environment

29
Q

define ‘pressure groups’

A

made up of people who want to change business (or government) decisions and they take action by forming consumer boycotts

30
Q

define ‘consumer boycott’

A

when consumers decide not to buy products from businesses that do not act in a socially responsible way

31
Q

define ‘ethical decision’

A

based on moral code sometimes referred to as ‘doing the right thing’

32
Q

define ‘globalisation’

A

increases in worldwide trade and movement of people and capital between countries

33
Q

define ‘free trade agreements’

A

countries agree to trade imports/exports with no barriers such as tariffs and quotas

34
Q

define ‘import quota’

A

restriction on the quantity of a product that can be imported

35
Q

define ‘protectionism’

A

when a government protects domestic firms from foreign competition using tariffs and quotas

36
Q

define ‘multinational businesses’

A

factories, production or services operation in more than one country

37
Q

define ‘exchange rate’

A

price of one currency in terms of another

38
Q

define ‘currency appreciation’

A

when value of a currency rises

39
Q

define ‘currency depreciation’

A

when the value of a currency falls

40
Q

define ‘common currency’

A

group of countries agree to use same currency

41
Q

define ‘economic union’

A

agreements between countries to trade freely with one another and have common economic institutions