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HCHS GCSE Science 2 - Chemistry > Section 5 - Separate Chemistry 1 > Flashcards

Section 5 - Separate Chemistry 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are transition metals?

A

A group of elements on the periodic table, they sit int the middle of the table.

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2
Q

What are the properties of transition metals?

A

Hard, strong, shiny, malleable, high melting and boiling points, high densities and high conductivity.

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3
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

Something that speeds up the rate of reaction, without being changed or used up itself.

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4
Q

What do transition metal compounds look like?

A

Colourful, though colours vary depending on the metal ions.

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5
Q

What are alloys?

A

A metal with other elements added to it, either metals or non-metals.

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6
Q

What are the advantages of alloys? Why?

A

They are stronger than regular metals, because the different sized atoms interfere with the metal’s regular arrangement, can be corrosion-resistant.

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7
Q

What is corrosion?

A

A process where something is slowly damaged or destroyed by a chemical process.

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8
Q

What is the name for the corrosion of iron? What causes it?

A

Rust. Rust is caused by air and water reacting with the iron.

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9
Q

How can rusting be prevented? List some examples.

A

By adding a barrier.
Painting
Oiling
Sacrificial protection

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10
Q

What is the painting method of rust protection?

A

A layer of paint coats the object, so no air or water can penetrate and react with exposed iron.

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11
Q

What is the oiling method of rust protection?

A

A layer of oil coats the object, so no air or water can penetrate and react with exposed iron, this is good for moving parts.

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12
Q

What is the sacrificial protection method of rust protection?

A

A layer of more reactive metal coats the object so the air and water react with it instead of the object.

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13
Q

What is electroplating?

A

Applying a metal coating to an object by electrolysis.

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14
Q

What is titration?

A

A method to find out exactly how much acid is required to neutralise a given quantity of alkali.

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15
Q

What is the formula for concentration?

A

c=n/V

c = Concentration
n = Number of moles
V= = Volume
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16
Q

What is percentage yield?

A

A comparison between how much product should be produced in a reaction compared to what is actually produced.

17
Q

How can percentage yield be calculated?

A

%Y=(AY/TY)×100

%Y = Percentage yield
AY = Actual yield
TY = Theoretical yield
18
Q

What is atom economy?

A

A comparison between how many desired products were produced and how much product was produced in total.

19
Q

What is the calculation for atom economy?

A

AE=(MD/MP)×100

AE = Atom economy
MD = Total Mᵣ of desired products
MP = Total Mᵣ of all products
20
Q

What are the benefits of higher atom economies?

A

Better for profit and the environment.

21
Q

What is the haber process?

A

A method of producing ammonia using nitrogen and hydrogen.

22
Q

What is the formula for the haber process?

A

N₂+3H₂⇌2NH₃(+heat)

23
Q

What are the essential elements in fertilisers?

A

Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

24
Q

What is molar volume?

A

The volume occupied by one mole of gas.

25
Q

What is the equation for molar volume?

A

MV=GV/n

MV = Molar volume
GV = Gas volume
n = Number of moles
26
Q

What is Avagadro’s law of molar volumes?

A

That one mole of any gas always occupies 24dm³ at room temperature and pressure.

27
Q

What is a fuel cell?

A

An electrical cell that’s supplied with fuel and oxygen and uses energy from the reaction to produce electrical energy efficiently.

28
Q

What reaction takes place in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell?

A

2H₂+O₂→2H₂O

29
Q

What are the advantages of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells?

A

They are much more efficient than power stations or batteries (up to 80%+) and less polluting.

HCHS GCSE Science 2 - Chemistry (9 decks)

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