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A Level History: Britain 1906-1957 > Section 5 facts > Flashcards

Section 5 facts Flashcards

1
Q

What policy was Chamberlain criticised for?

A

Appeasement

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2
Q

When did war break?

A

September 1939

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3
Q

What was the period of time named when Germany did not attack?

A

Phoney War

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4
Q

When did Hitler end the ‘Phoney War’

A

When he invaded Denmark and Norway in 1940

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5
Q

When did Chamberlain resign?

A

May 1940

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6
Q

Who succeeded Chamberlain?

A

Churchill

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7
Q

How many men needed to be evacuated from Dunkirk?

A

300,000

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8
Q

When did Chamberlain die?

A

November 1940

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9
Q

Who was in the 1940 war cabinet?

A

Churchill, Attlee, Greenwood, Chamberlain, Halifax

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10
Q

Why did Labour reject continuing the wartime coalition?

A

There hadn’t been a general election in 10 years

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11
Q

How many seats did Labour win in the 1945 election?

A

393

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12
Q

How many seats did the Conservatives win in the 1945 election?

A

213

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13
Q

What was the name of the Labour manifesto in 1945?

A

‘Let Us Face the Future’

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14
Q

What was the name of the Conservative manifesto in 1945?

A

‘Mr Churchill’s Declaration to the Voters’

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15
Q

What percentage of electors were voting for the first time in 1945?

A

20%

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16
Q

What economy was the Labour government committed to?

A

Mixed economy

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17
Q

What did the Labour government want to do with industry?

A

Nationalise it

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18
Q

What did the Labour government aim to set up?

A

The NHS

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19
Q

Who succeeded Churchill as Prime Minister?

A

Attlee

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20
Q

When was the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act passed?

A

1939 - Granted the government authority to make regulations on any aspect of life necessary to secure the defence of the realm

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21
Q

How many unemployed in 1940?

A

1 million

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22
Q

What were the men conscripted for work in coal mines known as?

A

‘Bevin Boys’

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23
Q

How much did the workforce increase by during the war?

A

2 million

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24
Q

How many speeches did Bevin give to workers in factories to boost morale?

A

Over 300

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25
Q

What was Bevin the minister of?

A

Minister of Labour

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26
Q

When did food rationing begin?

A

Basic foods in 1940 and others introduced in 1941

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27
Q

Who was the Minister of Food?

A

Lord Woolton

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28
Q

Which campaign led to an increase in home-grown food?

A

‘Dig for Victory’

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29
Q

What was the policy taken by Labour to improve the economic situation?

A

Austerity

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30
Q

When was there a bad winter?

A

1946-7

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31
Q

What conference did Britain attend to improve the international economic system?

A

Bretton Woods in the USA in 1944

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32
Q

Who is austerity associated with?

A

Stafford Cripps

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33
Q

What position did Cripps hold?

A

Chancellor of the Exchequer

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34
Q

How much was Britain’s debt following WW2?

A

£4198 million

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35
Q

Between 1945 and 1946 how much more did Britain spend abroad than it received?

A

£750 million

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36
Q

How much did the export of manufactured goods drop by?

A

60%

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37
Q

How much did invisible exports reduce by in 1938?

A

£248 million

38
Q

How much did the US and Canada loan Britain?

A

Over $5000 million

39
Q

What was the name of American aid in 1947?

A

The Marshall Plan

40
Q

How much did exports increase by from 1946-1950?

A

80%

41
Q

How much did the volume of exports increase by in 1950?

A

50%

42
Q

How much was £1 worth in dollars after Cripps devalued the pound?

A

$2.8 (Down from $4.03)

43
Q

Between 1945 and 1950 how much did inflation rise?

A

3%

44
Q

How much of economic enterprise did the Labour government take into public ownership?

A

20%

45
Q

How much were private owners compensated in total for nationalisation?

A

£2700 million

46
Q

What is a mixed economy?

A

Balance between the private ownership of industry and state ownership

47
Q

When was the Bank of England nationalised?

A

1945

48
Q

When was the coal industry nationalised?

A

1946

49
Q

When was public transport nationalised?

A

1947

50
Q

When was iron and steel nationalised?

A

1949

51
Q

When was conscription for 20-22 year olds introduced?

A

1939

52
Q

When was conscription for 19-31 year olds introduced?

A

1940

53
Q

When was conscription extended to 51 year olds?

A

1942

54
Q

By 1941 how many men were in the army, navy and air force?

A

3 million (1 million volunteers)

55
Q

By 1944 how many men were in the armed force?

A

4.5 million

56
Q

How much did unemployment fall by in the period 1939-42?

A

Half

57
Q

How much did the average male wage rise by?

A

80%

58
Q

By how much did female wages increase?

A

They almost doubled

59
Q

By 1943 what proportion of factory workers were women?

A

Over half

60
Q

What percent of a males wage did women earn?

A

60-70%

61
Q

When did the government move 1 million children from cities to the country?

A

September 1939

62
Q

What was the movement of children out of cities known as?

A

Evacuation

63
Q

How many people attended the cinema a week?

A

30 million

64
Q

What was the first phase of the Blitz?

A

1940-42, night raids by German bombers

65
Q

What was the second phase of the Blitz?

A

1944-45, V1 and V2 rockets

66
Q

How many attacks did London suffer during the Blitz?

A

Over 300

67
Q

When was the Beveridge Report published?

A

1942

68
Q

How many copies did the Beveridge Report sell?

A

Over 600,000

69
Q

What were the ‘five giants’ which led to poverty?

A

Want, sickness, lack of education, bad housing and unemployment

70
Q

What did the Beveridge report propose?

A

A national health service, family allowances and full employment

71
Q

When was Butler’s education act?

A

1944 - Raised leaving age from 14 to 15, introduced free and compulsory secondary education and provided grants to students eligible for university

72
Q

What did Butler’s education act lead to?

A

The establishment of a tripartite system of education

73
Q

What did the tripartite education system comprise of?

A

Grammar, technological, and secondary modern

74
Q

What did students have to take at age 11?

A

The 11 plus to determine whether they were able to attend grammar school

75
Q

When was the Family Allowances Act passed?

A

1945 - 5 shillings paid to a family for each child after the first one

76
Q

When was the National Insurance Act passed?

A

1946 - Universal national insurance to all employees in return for weekly payments

77
Q

When was the Industrial Injuries Act passed?

A

1946 - Covered whole workforce and gave compensation for work related illness or injury

78
Q

How many houses did Labour build?

A

1.5 million new houses

79
Q

When was the New Towns Act passed?

A

1946 - Began the building of major new towns around London to house those bombed out or in slums

80
Q

When was the National Assistance Act passed?

A

1948 - Provided financial help for those who fell through the net of other benefits

81
Q

When did the National Health Service begin to function?

A

July 1948

82
Q

How much did spending on the NHS increase between 1948 and 1951?

A

It almost doubled

83
Q

How many visitors did the Festival of Britain attract?

A

8.5 million

84
Q

What was the shortfall of houses during the Labour Government’s time in power?

A

700,000

85
Q

When did Bevan resign?

A

23 April 1951

86
Q

How many houses per year was Labour’s best?

A

200,000

87
Q

How many seats did the Conservatives win in the 1951 election?

A

321

88
Q

How many seats did Labour win in the 1951 election?

A

295

89
Q

Who got the higher percentage of votes in the 1951 election?

A

Labour, 48.8% compared to Conservatives 48%

90
Q

How many votes did the Conservatives gain from 1945 to 1951?

A

4 million

A Level History: Britain 1906-1957 (6 decks)

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