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LEED GA exam prep > Section 5: Energy & Atmosphere > Flashcards

Section 5: Energy & Atmosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

A study conducted by the New Buildings Institute revealed that LEED-certified commercial office buildings in the United States and found that they use how much less energy than the national average?

A

24%

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2
Q

What is ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager?

A

An interactive, online management tool that supports tracking and assessment of energy and water consumption

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3
Q

In ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager, what score would represent an average building performance?

A

50

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4
Q

The LEED rating systems put the most emphasis on which category?

A

Energy & Atmosphere (EA)

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5
Q

What are the four components of the Energy & Atmosphere (EA) category?

A
  1. Energy Demand
  2. Energy Efficiency
  3. Renewable Energy
  4. Ongoing Performance
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6
Q

The Montreal Protocol banned the production of what?

A

HCFC

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7
Q

The Montreal Protocol is phasing out what?

A

CFC

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8
Q

Name four strategies for reducing energy demand during the design and planning

A
  1. Establish design and energy goals
  2. Size the building appropriately
  3. Use free energy
  4. Insulate
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9
Q

Name two strategies for reducing the energy demand in operations and maintenance

A
  1. Use free energy

2. Monitor consumption

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10
Q

During operations and maintenance, how can buildings take advantage of free energy?

A

Use the facility’s orientation and appropriate shades, windows, and vents to take advantage of natural ventilation, solar energy, and daylight

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11
Q

Which rating system includes a point adjustment to compensate for the effect of square footage on resource consumption?

A

The LEED for Homes

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12
Q

What is energy intensity?

A

Getting the most work per unit of energy

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13
Q

In an average commercial building, what takes up the most energy consumption?

A

Space heating

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14
Q

In an average commercial building, what takes up the second most amount of energy consumption?

A

Lighting

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15
Q

In an average commercial building, what takes up the third most amount of energy consumption?

A

Cooling

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16
Q

In an average commercial building, what takes up the least energy consumption?

A

Office equipment

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17
Q

In an average commercial building, space heating takes up what percentage of energy consumption?

A

36%

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18
Q

In an average commercial building, lighting takes up what percentage of energy consumption?

A

21%

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19
Q

In an average commercial building, cooling takes up what percentage of energy consumption?

A

8%

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20
Q

In an average commercial building, office equipment up what percentage of energy consumption?

A

1%

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21
Q

In order of most energy consumption, list nine areas of building energy use

A
  1. Space Heating
  2. Lighting
  3. Cooling
  4. Water Heating
  5. Ventilation
  6. Refrigeration
  7. Cooking
  8. Computers
  9. Office Equipment
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22
Q

List six strategies for achieving energy efficiency

A
  1. Address the envelope
  2. Install high-performance mechanical systems and appliances
  3. Use high-efficiency infrastructure
  4. Capture efficiencies of scale
  5. Use energy simulation
  6. Monitor and verify performance
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23
Q

Burning coal releases which harmful pollutants into the atmosphere?

A
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Sulfur dioxide
  • Nitrogen oxide
  • Mercury
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24
Q

Passive designs capitalise on which four natural thermal processes?

A
  1. Radiation
  2. Conduction
  3. Absorption
  4. Convection
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25
Q

What is the Montreal Protocol?

A

The Montreal Protocol bans chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and requires hydrochlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) to be phased out as they have the biggest impact on ozone depletion

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26
Q

How many years do Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance (EBOM) projects have to fully phase out CFC-based refrigerants?

A

Five years from the end of the project’s performance period

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27
Q

List six types of renewable energy

A
  • Solar
  • Wind
  • Wave
  • Biomass
  • Geothermal
  • Low-impact hydropower
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28
Q

List four types of nonrenewable fuel

A
  • Coal
  • Nuclear power
  • Oil
  • Natural gas
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29
Q

What does ODP stand for?

A

Ozone-depleting potential

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30
Q

What does GWP stand for?

A

Global warming potential

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31
Q

Refrigerants should be evaluated based on what?

A

ODP and GWP

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32
Q

How is electricity measured?

A

Kilowatts per hour

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33
Q

How is natural gas measured?

A

Therms

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34
Q

How is liquid fuel measured?

A

Gallons

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35
Q

What is renewable energy?

A

Energy that is naturally replenished and generated from natural resources

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36
Q

What does REC stand for?

A

Renewable energy credits

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37
Q

What is off-site renewable energy?

A

Off-site renewable energy is typically purchased at a premium price per kilowatt-hour from a utility or a provider of renewable energy certificates (RECs)

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38
Q

What are REC’s?

A

RECs represent a tradable, nontangible commodity associated with the qualities of renewable electricity generation

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39
Q

What are carbon offsets?

A

Carbon offsets represent a unit of carbon dioxide equivalent that is reduced, avoided, or sequestered to compensate for emissions occurring elsewhere

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40
Q

Name two strategies for meeting the energy demand with renewable energy

A
  1. Generate renewable energy

2. Purchase off-site renewable energy or carbon offsets

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41
Q

What is commissioning?

A

Commissioning is a systematic investigation by skilled professionals who compare building performance with performance goals, design specifications, and most importantly, the owner’s requirements.

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42
Q

What is retro-commissioning?

A

The commissioning of existing buildings

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43
Q

Commissioning for existing buildings has a median cost of what per square foot?

A

$0.27 per square foot

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44
Q

Commissioning for existing buildings has a median cost of what per square foot?

A

$0.27 per square foot

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45
Q

Commissioning for existing buildings has an average payback period of what?

A

0.7 years

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46
Q

Commissioning for existing buildings has an average payback period of what?

A

0.7 years

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47
Q

Commissioning for new buildings has a median cost of what per square foot?

A

$1 per square foot

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48
Q

Commissioning for new buildings has an average payback period of what?

A

4.8 years

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49
Q

Name four strategies to incorporate ongoing performance measurement into a project

A
  1. Adhere to the owner’s project requirements
  2. Provide staff training
  3. Conduct preventive maintenance
  4. Create incentives for occupants and tenants
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50
Q

What is Demand Response (DR)?

A

A set of time‐dependent program activities and tariffs that seek to reduce electricity use or shift usage to another time period

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51
Q

ASHRAE 90.1 is used to calculate what?

A

The baseline building energy performance

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52
Q

What is net-zero energy?

A

Projects that use no more energy from the electrical grid than can be produced from on-site renewable energy systems

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53
Q

Name four types of biofuel

A
  • Untreated wood waste (e.g., mill residues)
  • Agricultural crops or waste
  • Animal waste and other organic waste
  • Landfill gas
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54
Q

The first step towards saving energy is what?

A

Reducing the energy demand

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55
Q

It is estimated that what percentage of energy used to heat buildings is lost through air leaks in the envelope?

A

40%

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56
Q

Name two ways a renovation project address the envelope?

A
  • Add extra roof inculation

- Upgrade windows

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57
Q

What do photosensors do?

A

Monitor the amount of natural daylight in a space and automatically adjust the lighting fixtures accordingly

58
Q

In terms of Energy & Atmosphere, after addressing Energy Demand, which should be adduced next?

A

Energy Efficiency

59
Q

Which label on refrigerators will indicate that it is energy efficient?

A

Energy Star

60
Q

Off-site renewable energy is also often referred to as what?

A

Green power

61
Q

What is the US’s leading certification program for green energy?

A

Green-e Energy

62
Q

What are green tags?

A

Another terms for Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)

63
Q

Generating excess power on-site and selling it back to the grid is known as what?

A

Net-metering

64
Q

During commissioning, who is responsible for the BOD?

A

Designer

65
Q

During the commissioning process, who is responsible for the OPR?

A

Owner

66
Q

Who would act as the owner’s representative to ensure the OPR are reflective in both design and final construction?

A

Commissioning authority

67
Q

In which year did the US join the Montreal Protocol?

A

1995

68
Q

Name five kinds of natural refrigerants

A
  • Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
  • Water (H2O)
  • Ammonia (NH3)
  • Hydrocarbons (HC)
  • Air
69
Q

What is Freon?

A

A brand of CFCs and HCFCs

70
Q

Which two standards should be followed during commissioning?

A
  • ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005: The Commissioning Process

- ASHRAE Guideline 1.1-2007 HVAC & R Systems

71
Q

What is a another word for building envelope?

A

Shell

72
Q

What is CX mean?

A

Commissioning

73
Q

What is halon?

A

Substance used in fire sprinklers and fire extinguishers that has great ozone depletion potential

74
Q

Which refrigerant has the highest Global Warming Potential?

A

HFC

75
Q

What is the common range of plug-load for a typical office building?

A

0.5 - 1.0 Watts per square foot

76
Q

What is plug-load?

A

The energy consumed by equipment that is plugged into the system

77
Q

What is another term for Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)

A

Green tags

78
Q

What is Green-e Energy?

A

The US’s leading certification program for green energy

79
Q

What is net-metering?

A

Generating excess power on-site and selling it back to the grid

80
Q

The Clean Air Act refers to what?

A

Ozone Depletion

81
Q

What does IPMVP stand for?

A

International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol

82
Q

What does IPMVP look at?

A

Energy Efficiency

83
Q

What items are included in the SSc2:Building Exterior & Hardscape Management Plan?

A
  • Outdoor maintenance equipment
  • Snow & ice removal
  • Cleaning of the building exterior
  • Paints & sealants used on the building exterior
  • Cleaning of hardscapes
84
Q

Which refrigerant has the highest Global Warming Potential?

A

HFC-23

85
Q

Who sets the guidelines for a measurement & verification plan (M&V) as it pertains to LEED?

A

IPMVP (The International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol)

86
Q

What can be used to calculate the baseline energy consumption for LEED purposes?

A

Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)

87
Q

What percent of a building’s floor area may be excluded when developing an Energy Star rating?

A

10%

88
Q

Which two US government agencies run the ENERGY STAR program?

A
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

- Department of Energy (DOE)

89
Q

What percentage of the total energy cost for the baseline building is used to calculate the default process energy cost?

A

25%

90
Q

The CxA must have documented experience on at least how many building projects?

A

Two

91
Q

What is a trade-off of using natural refrigerants?

A

Less efficient at refrigeration which could lead to increased energy use

92
Q

What is a BAS?

A

A building automated system (BAS) is a computer-based monitoring system that coordinates, organises, and optimises building control subsystems

93
Q

What standard described the structure and measurement verification plan?

A

IPMVP Volume III: Concepts and Options for Determine Energy Savings in New Construction

94
Q

Which document defines the delivered conditions required for the successful operations of a building?

A

Building operation plan

95
Q

What would be written in the building operation plan?

A
  • Installed energy consuming systems
  • How they should operate
  • The environmental requirements they should meet
96
Q

What is ENERGY-10?

A

ENERY-10 is a software tool for designing low-energy buildings

97
Q

When does the Montreal Protocol aim to phase out HCFCs?

A

2030

98
Q

Which region of the United States is least suited for on-site solar-based energy generation?

A

North-East

99
Q

What are the three level of energy audits that ASHRAE uses?

A
  • Walk-through analysis
  • Energy survey analysis
  • Detailed analysis of capital intensive modification
100
Q

What is another word for plug load?

A

Receptacle load

101
Q

What is an economiser?

A

An economiser is a device used to make building systems more energy efficient

102
Q

What measures all energy use throughout a building?

A

Energy meters

103
Q

Define site energy

A

Site energy is the amount of heat and electricity consumed by a building, as reflected by utility bills

104
Q

In the northern hemisphere which direct side of the building receives the most daylight?

A

South

105
Q

Windows, exterior doors, skylights are techniques for what?

A

Fenestration

106
Q

What is fenestration?

A

The design, construction, or presence of windows and doors in a building

107
Q

Define source energy

A

Source energy is the total amount of raw fuel required to operate a building; it incorporates all transmission, delivery, and production losses for a complete assessment of building’s energy use

108
Q

What is the most common, cheapest type of lighting fixture?

A

Incandescent lighting

109
Q

What has a similar illumination level but use 1/4 the energy of incandescence. However, they contain mercury and require special disposal

A

Compact Fluorescents (CFLs)

110
Q

The length of time required to recoup the initial investment from an operational improvement or capital investment is known as what?

A

Simple payback period

111
Q

What performs the following functions?

  • Remove impurities from indoor air
  • Protect HVAC systems
  • Require proper installation and frequent replacement
A

Air filters

112
Q

A natural ventilation technique which also uses air pressure outdoors to facilitate air circulation indoors is known as what?

A

Passive stack ventilation

113
Q

The ratio of cost savings generated by an improvement or upgrade relative to the amount of money invested to perform this improvement is known as what?

A

Rate of return, or return on investment

114
Q

Which bill refers to the U.S. law that responds to the Montreal Protocol and defines EPA’s responsibilities for protecting and improving the nation’s air quality and the stratospheric ozone layer?

A

The Clean Air Act

115
Q

What is the International Energy Conservation Code?

A

It is a model code adopted by many states and municipal governments in the U.S. for the establishment of minimum design and construction requirements pertaining to energy efficiency

116
Q

Define retrofit

A

A retrofit is any change to an existing facility, such as the addition or removal of equipment or an adjustment, connection, or disconnection of equipment

117
Q

Define refrigerants

A

Refrigerants are substances used to absorb heat at low temperatures and reject heat at higher temperatures

118
Q

The phenomenon that traps heat in the atmosphere is known as what?

A

The greenhouse effect

119
Q

Who is responsible for the following?

  • Review construction documents and submittals
  • Evaluate instillation and performance of equipment
  • Prepare summary report
A

Commissioning authority (CxA)

120
Q

What type of commissioning begins from start of project and reviews building operations within 10 months of substantial completion

A

Enhanced

121
Q

In terms of EA credits, what do the following electrical systems have in common?

  • Burning municipal waste
  • Ground source heat pumps or geo-exchange
  • Incinerating treated or painted wood
  • Nuclear
  • Architectural features/daylighting
A

They are all ineligible as on-site renewable energy systems

122
Q

What uses walls, floors, and thermal mass to collect, store, and distribute the sun’s heat in the winter and reduce a buildings energy demand for cooling in the summer

A

Passive solar

123
Q

According to LEED, what two things would be present would make a geothermal system not be eligible for an on-site renewable energy credit?

A
  • Vapor-Compression cycle

- Heat pump

124
Q

As it relates to Off-Site Renewable Energy, indirect purchasing is also called what?

A

Green pricing

125
Q

What substances used to absorb heat at low temperatures and reject heat at higher temperatures?

A

Refrigerants

126
Q

Any change to an existing facility, such as the addition or removal of equipment or an adjustment, connection, or disconnection of equipment is known as what?

A

Retrofit

127
Q

In an average commercial building, what takes up the fourth most amount of energy consumption?

A

Water Heating

128
Q

In an average commercial building, what takes up the fifth most amount of energy consumption?

A

Ventilation

129
Q

In an average commercial building, what takes up the seventh most amount of energy consumption?

A

Cooking

130
Q

In an average commercial building, what takes up the eighth (second from the least) most amount of energy consumption?

A

Computers

131
Q

Define fundamental commissioning

A

Fundamental commissioning is a set of essential best practices used to ensure that building performance requirements have been identified early in the project’s development and that the designed systems have been installed in compliance with those requirements

132
Q

What does IPMVP Volume III describe?

A

The structure of the measurement and verification plan

133
Q

In the Montreal Protocol, when were CFC’s phased out?

A

2010

134
Q

List three examples of fenestration

A
  • Windows
  • Exterior doors
  • Skylights
135
Q

How does the greenhouse effect occur?

A

The greenhouse effect occurs from CO2 buildup in the troposphere

136
Q

What is a set of essential best practices used to ensure that building performance requirements have been identified early in the project’s development and that the designed systems have been installed in compliance with those requirements

A

Fundamental commissioning

137
Q

What does a building operating plan define and describe?

A

The building operating plan defines the delivered conditions required for the successful operation of a building. The document describes in installed energy consuming systems, how they should operate, and the environment building requirements they should meet

138
Q

What identities how much energy a building uses and the purposes for which it is used, as well as efficiency and cost-reduction opportunities?

A

Energy audits

139
Q

Routinely schedules equipment, cleaning, and repair conduced to detect and prevent equipment failure and keep material and systems in working order is known as what?

A

Preventive maintenance

140
Q

The amount of heat and electricity consumed by a building, as reflected by utilities bills is known as what?

A

Site energy

141
Q

The total amount of raw fuel required to operate a building; it incorporates all transmission, delivery, and production losses for a complete assessment of building’s energy use is known as what?

A

Source energy

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