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LEED GA exam prep > Section 3: Sustainable Sites > Flashcards

Section 3: Sustainable Sites Flashcards

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1
Q

What is evapotranspiration?

A

The return of water to the atmosphere through evaporation from plants’ leaves

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2
Q

What is integrated pest management (IPM)?

A

A sustainable approach that controls pest infestation and damage in an economical way while minimizing hazards to people, property, and the environment

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3
Q

Name five types of impervious surfaces

A
  • Concrete
  • Brick
  • Stone
  • Asphalt
  • Sealed surfaces
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4
Q

What is light trespass?

A

The spilling of light beyond the project boundary

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5
Q

Name three main topics under sustainable sites

A
  1. Site design and management
  2. Rainwater management
  3. Heat island effect
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6
Q

Name five strategies for developing a sustainable site design

A
  1. Minimise hardscape
  2. Use native landscaping
  3. Precent light pollution
  4. Preserve open space and sensitive areas
  5. Protect and restore habitat
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7
Q

What are native plantings?

A

Native plants are those that grow naturally in an area or that have been in an area for many years

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8
Q

What are adaptive plantings?

A

Adaptive plants are non-native plants that perform well in the local climate

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9
Q

Name three strategies for sustainable site operations and maintenance

A
  1. Develop a sustainable site management plan
  2. Implement conservation programs
  3. Maintain site lighting to prevent light pollution
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10
Q

What is sedimentation?

A

Sedimentation is where pollutants from natural or human activities add particles to water bodies

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11
Q

What is nonpoint source pollution?

A

Where pollutants enter a river from multiple land uses that can’t be specifically identified

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12
Q

What is potable water?

A

Drinking water supplied by municipalities or wells

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13
Q

Name three strategies for rainwater management through design

A
  1. Minimise impervious areas
  2. Control rainwater
  3. Incorporate rainwater management into site design
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14
Q

Name two strategies for rainwater management in operations and maintenance

A
  1. Redirect rainwater

2. Harvest rainwater

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15
Q

Name three uses for rainwater

A
  1. Process water
  2. To flush toilets
  3. Irrigation
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16
Q

The flat, dark surfaces of roadways, parking lots, and tarred rooftops absorb and retain the sun’s heat during the day and are slow to radiate it at night. This is known as what?

A

The heat island effect

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17
Q

Describe the heat island effect

A

Heat absorption by low-SRI, hardscape materials that contribute to an overall increase in temperature by radiating heat

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18
Q

What does SRI stand for?

A

Solar Reflectance Index

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19
Q

A material’s SRI (Solar Reflectance Index) value is based on is based on what?

A

The material’s ability to reflect or reject solar heat gain measured on a scale from 0 (dark, most absorptive) to 100 (light, most reflective).

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20
Q

What is emissivity?

A

The ratio of the radiation emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by a black body at the same temperature

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21
Q

Name three strategies for reducing the heat island effect

A
  1. Install reflective roof surfaces
  2. Reduce the area of paved surfaces exposed to sunlight
  3. Plant an urban forest or a green roof
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22
Q

Green roofs can absorb up to what percentage of rainwater?

A

70%

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23
Q

A green roof can last up to how many times longer than a conventional roof?

A

Two to three times

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24
Q

What is the development footprint?

A

The development footprint includes the building, access roads, parking lots, sidewalks, other hardscapes, and any other type of building like a storage shed, etc

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25
Q

How does LEED define open space?

A

The area of the property minus the development footprint

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26
Q

What is a dry pond?

A

Dry ponds are basins whose outlets have been designed to detain rainwater runoff for some minimum time (e.g., 24 hours)

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27
Q

What is a wet pond?

A

A pond designed to hold a specific amount of water indefinitely

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28
Q

Heat islands can elevate temperatures of up to how much?

A

10 degrees fahrenheit

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29
Q

What is the floor area ratio (FAR)?

A

The ratio of the total floor area of buildings on a certain location to the size of the land of that location

30
Q

Good lighting design involves reducing which three forms of light pollution?

A
  • Uplight
  • Glare
  • Light trespass
31
Q

In regards to outdoor lighting, what does BUG stand for?

A

Backlight, Uplight, Glare

32
Q

Erosion and Sediment Control Plan must comply by which standard?

A

2012 EPA General Construction Permit, or local codes (whichever is stricter)

33
Q

Which is more pervious, gravel with fine sands or gravel without fine sands?

A

Gravel without fine sands

34
Q

A construction pollution prevention plan should aim to prevent which three things?

A
  • Loss of soil (erosion)
  • Sedimentation
  • Air pollution
35
Q

Heat Island Reduction is related to which standards?

A

ASTM standards E903 and E892

36
Q

Light Pollution Reduction is related to which standards?

A

ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007

37
Q

What is Site Disturbance?

A

The amount of a site that is disturbed by construction activity

38
Q

The word albedo also means the same as what?

A

Reflectance

39
Q

Open grid paving systems can have which two positive effects to the environment?

A
  • Reduce the stormwater runoff volume

- Reduce the heat island effect

40
Q

What is the primary function of a rain garden?

A

To reduce storm water runoff

41
Q

FEMA stands for what?

A

Federal Emergency Management Agency

42
Q

In LEED, the FEMA standards relate to what?

A

Site Selection

43
Q

LID is an abbreviation for which development methods used to minimize environmental impacts due to construction?

A

Low Impact Development

44
Q

What is the best strategy for reducing heat island and managing rainwater runoff?

A

Minimize site imperviousness

45
Q

Bioswales, dry ponds and rain gardens can all do what?

A

Retain rainwater and slow the rate of runoff

46
Q

To achieve SS Credit: Heat Island Reduction what percentage of parking spaces must be under cover?

A

75%

47
Q

For SS Prerequisite: Construction Activity Pollution Prevention to reduce pollution from construction activities what must the plan control?

A
  • Airborne dust
  • Soil erosion
  • Waterway sedimentation
48
Q

If it is suspected that a project site is contaminated what is the next step the project team must take?

A

Conduct a Phase II Environmental Site Assessment

49
Q

To achieve SS Credit: Site Development - Protect or Restore Habitat what two types of vegetation must be used to restore previously disturbed areas?

A
  • Native vegetation

- Adapted vegetation

50
Q

What unit is used to measure a luminaire’s uplight when using the calculation method for SS Credit: Light Pollution Reduction?

A

Lumen

51
Q

Obtrusive illumination that is unwanted because of quantitative, directional, or spectral attributes is known as what?

A

Light trespass

52
Q

Define biodiversity

A

The variety of life in all forms, level, and combinations, including ecosystem biodiversity, species diversity, and genetic diversity

53
Q

Define albedo

A

The ability of a material to reject solar heat

54
Q

Landscaping regulations, parking space requirements, and open space requirements are likely to be part of what?

A

Zoning regulations

55
Q

These are examples of what?

  • Water bodies
  • Soil conditions
  • Ecosystems
  • Trees and other vegetation
A

Natural site elements

56
Q

Outdoor shielding is also called what?

A

Cut off

57
Q

These are examples of what?

  • Pocket parks
  • Accessible roof decks
  • Plazas
  • Courtyards
A

Open urban space

58
Q

What is the most significant on-site consequence of erosion?

A

The loss of topsoil

59
Q

What is used to modify the evapotranspiration rate to reflect the biological features of a specific plant?

A

The species factor

60
Q

What is an aquifer?

A

An aquifer is an underground water-bearing rock formation that supplies groundwater, wells, and springs

61
Q

What is remediation?

A

Remediation is the process of cleaning up a contaminated site by physical, chemical, or biological means. This is typically applied to contaminated soil and groundwater

62
Q

Which organisation address threatened and endangered wildlife and plants and maintain’s a list of the United State’s native plants and animals that are candidates for addition to the federal list?

A

US Fish and Wildlife Service

63
Q

What cannot contribute to the sustainability site credits requirement even if they meet the definition of native or adapted vegetation?

A

Monoculture plantings (e.g. turf)

64
Q

What reduces sunlight penetration into water and leads to reduced photosynthesis in aquatic vegetation, causing lower oxygen levels that cannot support diverse communities of aquatic life?

A

Turbidity

65
Q

Bike racks must be secure and covered to protect them from what?

A

Theft and weather

66
Q

What distance do bike racks need to be within the building entrance?

A

200 yards

67
Q

Bike racks should support at least what percentage of occupants?

A

5%

68
Q

To earn LEED credits what percentage of car parks spaces should be allocated to carpools?

A

5%

69
Q

Name two strategies for minimising the non-roof heat island effect?

A
  • Use open grid paving

- Share hardscape with photovoltaic panels (offsets higher energy use from head island effect).

70
Q

Underground water-bearing rock formation that supplies groundwater, wells, and springs is known as a what?

A

Aquifer

71
Q

The process of cleaning up a contaminated site by physical, chemical, or biological means is known as what?

A

Remediation

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